Current status of pancreatic cancer with oligometastasis.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with ductal adenocarcinoma as the most frequent neoplasm. Half of the patients who are diagnosed have metastases at the time of diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: A review of the treatment of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma with oligometastatic disease was carried out in order to present an overview of the existing evidence. METHOD: A bibliographic search was carried in PubMed/Medline, Clinical Key and Index Medicus vhith MESH terms, from the year 1993 to 2022. RESULTS: Patients with liver or lung metastases due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who undergo surgery and chemotherapy have a longer survival in carefully selected patients. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence regarding surgery in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and oligometastasis is limited and further randomized controlled trials are needed for both scenarios. As well as established criteria that help the selection of patients who can receive this type of treatment.

ANTECEDENTES: El cáncer pancreático es la séptima causa de muerte en el mundo, siendo el adenocarcinoma ductal del páncreas la neoplasia más frecuente. La mitad de los pacientes que son diagnosticados presentan metástasis al momento del diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Se realizó una revisión sobre el tratamiento del adenocarcinoma pancreático resecable con enfermedad oligometastásica con el fin de presentar un panorama sobre la evidencia existente. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed/Medline, Clinical Key e Index Medicus con términos MESH desde 1993 hasta 2022. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes con metástasis hepáticas o pulmonares por adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas que son sometidos a cirugía y quimioterapia tienen una mayor sobrevida en casos cuidadosamente seleccionados. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia respecto a la cirugía en pacientes con adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas y oligometástasis es limitada y se necesitan ensayos controlados aleatorizados adicionales para ambos escenarios, así como criterios bien establecidos que ayuden a la selección de los pacientes que pueden recibir este tipo de tratamiento.

Using narratives to inform the development of a digital health intervention related to COVID-19 vaccination in Black young adults in Georgia, North Carolina and Alabama.

Interactive stories are a relatively newer form of storytelling with great potential to correct misinformation while increasing self-efficacy, which is crucial to vaccine acceptance. To address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and medical mistrust in young Black adults (BYA), we sought to adapt a pre-existing application ("app"; Tough Talks) designed to address HIV disclosure decision-making through choose-your-own adventure (CYOA) narratives and other activities. The adapted app (Tough Talks - COVID) uses a similar approach to situate COVID-19 vaccination decision-making within social contexts and to encourage greater deliberation about decisions. To inform content for the CYOA narratives, we conducted an online survey that was used to elicit the behavioral, cognitive, and environmental determinants influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among 150 BYA (ages 18-29) in Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina. The survey included scenario questions that were developed with input from a youth advisory board to understand responses to peer and family influences. In two scenarios that involved discussions with family and friends about vaccination status, most respondents chose to be honest about their vaccination status. However, vaccinated individuals perceived more social pressure and stigma about not being vaccinated than unvaccinated respondents who were not as motivated by social pressure. Personal choice/agency in the face of perceived vaccine risks was a more common theme for unvaccinated respondents. Results suggest that relying on changing social norms alone may not impact barriers to vaccination in unvaccinated young adults without also addressing other barriers to vaccination such as concerns about autonomy and vaccine safety. Based on these findings, CYOA narratives in the app were adapted to include discussions with family and friends but also to touch on themes of personal choice as well as other topics that influence behaviors besides norms such as safety, side effects, and risk of COVID-19 in an evolving pandemic.

Real-World User Experiences with a Digital Pill System to Measure PrEP Adherence: Perspectives from MSM with Substance Use.

Once-daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for preventing HIV transmission, but adherence can be challenging for men who have sex with men (MSM) who use substances. A novel method for directly measuring ingestion events is a digital pill system (DPS), which comprises an ingestible radiofrequency emitter that signals a wearable Reader device upon PrEP ingestion, relaying ingestion data to a wearable Reader device and then to a smartphone application. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 MSM with non-alcohol substance use following an open-label pilot demonstration trial involving use of the DPS to measure PrEP adherence for 90 days. The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to understand overall user experiences and potential barriers and facilitators to using the DPS to measure PrEP adherence among MSM. The DPS was largely perceived as acceptable, novel, and valuable, with most participants reporting that the system was easily integrated into their daily routines. Technological and design factors, especially related to the wearable Reader, impacted participants' interest in using the technology long-term; several suggested improvements were discussed.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03842436.

DigiPrEP: A Pilot Trial to Evaluate the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Accuracy of a Digital Pill System to Measure PrEP Adherence in Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Use Substances.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to once daily oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention can be challenging for men who have sex with men (MSM) with substance use. Digital pill systems (DPS) comprise a radiofrequency emitter integrated into a gelatin capsule containing PrEP, which transmits data to a wearable Reader following ingestion, thereby enabling direct, real-time adherence measurement. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and accuracy of a DPS to measure PrEP adherence. METHODS: A 90-day, single-arm, open-label, pilot demonstration trial was conducted with adult, cisgender, HIV-negative MSM on PrEP with nonalcohol substance use. Feasibility was measured via DPS engagement and timeline followback. Acceptability was assessed via qualitative user experience interviews. Accuracy was evaluated via DPS performance metrics, pill counts, and DBS to quantify tenofovir diphosphate. RESULTS: Sixteen MSM enrolled (median age, 32 years), and 15 completed the study. Engagement remained stable over time. Emergent nonadherence patterns included intercurrent substance use. The DPS was largely acceptable based on interviews; the predominant barrier to use was the Reader. DPS-recorded ingestions totaled 1099, including 83.9% were detected by Reader and 16.1% were reported manually. The DPS recorded 92.2% of 1192 total expected ingestions per pill counts. Point-biserial correlation (R = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.80; P = 0.047) and Pearson correlation (month 1: R = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.95; P = 0.0002; month 3: R = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.94; P = 0.0197) showed strong correlations between DPS-recorded adherence and tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots. CONCLUSION: DPS are a feasible, acceptable, and accurate method of measuring PrEP adherence in MSM with substance use. Future investigations should incorporate DPS into behavioral interventions targeting nonadherence.

Stopping to Listen: Using Qualitative Methods to Inform a Web-Based Platform for Adults With Neurofibromatosis.

Introduction: Psychosocial care for people with neurofibromatosis (NF) is challenging to access. Therefore, we sought to develop a self-guided web-based treatment platform for people with NF based on the live video relaxation response resiliency program for NF (3RP-NF). Here we report on qualitative interviews with adult patients who participated in the 3RP-NF to: (a) understand participant perceptions of the 3RP-NF program and (b) gather feedback for a self-guided web-based treatment platform (i.e., NF-Web). Methods: We conducted individual semistructured interviews (N = 23; videoconferencing). We utilized both the Framework method and a hybrid deductive and inductive approach to analyze qualitative data. Results: We examined findings within the following themes for both 3RP-NF and NF-Web: (a) general attitudes, (b) barriers and facilitators, and (c) program-specific factors. Participants endorsed positive attitudes towards the 3RP-NF and NF-Web and described unique barriers and facilitators to each and provided suggestions regarding technology, NF-specific needs, and ways to promote social support virtually. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of gathering participant feedback when designing novel, illness-specific interventions. In future studies, we aim to provide people with NF effective and efficient access to psychosocial support that matches their needs and life context. Results are informing NF-Web development.

[Actualidades en la sobrevida del carcinoma hepatocelular].

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura actualizada, abordando los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos más relevantes asociados con la sobrevida del carcinoma hepatocelular y su relación con las estrategias terapéuticas que han demostrado un mejor resultado. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica empleando las bases de datos electrónicas Medline, Embase, Springerlink y PubMed para identificar documentos publicados desde el 1 de enero de 1985 hasta agosto de 2020. Resultados: Se analizaron el abordaje y el manejo quirúrgico del carcinoma hepatocelular en todo el mundo, comparando las dos principales estrategias terapéuticas que reportan mayor porcentaje de sobrevida global. Conclusiones: En el protocolo de estudio del carcinoma hepatocelular es necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario. Los pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular avanzado se beneficiarían de una estrategia multimodal individualizada que consista en resección y en otros casos con el trasplante hepático.

Machine Gaze: Self-Identification Through Play With a computer Vision-Based Projection and Robotics System.

Children begin to develop self-awareness when they associate images and abilities with themselves. Such "construction of self" continues throughout adult life as we constantly cycle through different forms of self-awareness, seeking, to redefine ourselves. Modern technologies like screens and artificial intelligence threaten to alter our development of self-awareness, because children and adults are exposed to machines, tele-presences, and displays that increasingly become part of human identity. We use avatars, invent digital lives, and augment ourselves with digital imprints that depart from reality, making the development of self-identification adjust to digital technologies that blur the boundary between us and our devices. To empower children and adults to see themselves and artificially intelligent machines as separately aware entities, we created the persona of a salvaged supermarket security camera refurbished and enhanced with the power of computer vision to detect human faces, and project them on a large-scale 3D face sculpture. The surveillance camera system moves its head to point to human faces at times, but at other times, humans have to get its attention by moving to its vicinity, creating a dynamic where audiences attempt to see their own faces on the sculpture by gazing into the machine's eye. We found that audiences began attaining an understanding of machines that interpret our faces as separate from our identities, with their own agendas and agencies that show by the way they serendipitously interact with us. The machine-projected images of us are their own interpretation rather than our own, distancing us from our digital analogs. In the accompanying workshop, participants learn about how computer vision works by putting on disguises in order to escape from an algorithm detecting them as the same person by analyzing their faces. Participants learn that their own agency affects how machines interpret them, gaining an appreciation for the way their own identities and machines' awareness of them can be separate entities that can be manipulated for play. Together the installation and workshop empower children and adults to think beyond identification with digital technology to recognize the machine's own interpretive abilities that lie separate from human being's own self-awareness.

Cuerpo extraño (cuchillo), asintomático por ocho años / Foreign body (knife), asymptomatic for eight years

Objetivo: Dar a conocer un caso de cuerpo extraño (cuchillo) de 16 cm de longitud, asintomático por ocho años, alojado en el muslo, descubierto por casualidad en estudio radiográfico. Sede: Hospital de Tercer Nivel de Atención. Diseño: Informe de caso clínico. Descripción del caso: Paciente de 28 años de edad, ocho años atrás sufrió asalto con arma blanca mientras estaba montado en motocicleta, sintió el impacto de un golpe en el muslo, si bien en ese momento logró escapar en su vehículo. Acudió a un hospital donde lo revisaron clínicamente, sin toma de estudios de gabinete; suturaron la herida, cursó sin complicaciones y sin síntomas. Ocho años después se dio cuenta del cuerpo extraño porque le efectuaron placa de muslo por trauma leve. Conclusión: Los métodos de diagnóstico efectivos para detectar un cuerpo extraño son la radiografía simple, ultrasonografía, tomografía axial computada y resonancia magnética. La falla en la identificación puede ocasionar complicaciones al enfermo de tipo infeccioso o lesiones a otras estructuras anatómicas y pudiera ser causa de demandas legales.

Objective: To inform on the case of a foreign body (knife) of 16 cm in length, which remained lodged in the thigh aymptomatically for 8 years, discovered by chance in a radiographic study. Setting: Third Level Health Care Hospital. Design: Case report. Description of the case: A 28-year-old patient, who eight years before was attacked with a knife while mounting a motorcycle. He felt the stabbing in the thigh, but was able to escape from the site on his vehicle, and went to a hospital where he was explored clinically but without any cabinet studies, the wound was sutured and the patient coursed without complications nor symptoms. Eight years later, he became aware of the foreign body when he had an X-ray taken of the thigh due to a slight trauma. Conclusion: Effective diagnostic methods to detect a foreign body are simple radiography, ultrasonography, CAT and MR imaging. Failure in identification can cause complications in the patient, either infectious ones or injuries to other anatomic structures, and could be a cause for liability demands.

Leishmaniosis visceral: hallazgos ecográficos en un canino / Visceral leishmaniosis: sonographic findings in a dog

La leishmaniosis visceral es una zoonosis que se distribuye en forma creciente en nuestra región. En un muestreo de 156 caninos realizado en la Ciudad de Corrientes entre febrero y abril del 2011 hubo una prevalencia del 10%. Las alteraciones observadas en hígado, bazo, linfonódulos y otros órganos abdominales se dan por una respuesta del organismo a la entrada del parásito. En los riñones las lesiones se manifiestan por depósito de inmunocomplejos a nivel de la membrana basal del glomérulo. En el caso presentado el ultrasonido reveló: hepatomegalia, bazo de tamaño normal con dilatación del calibre de la vena esplénica, páncreas con signos sugerentes de inflamación y linfonódulos abdominales aumentados de tamaño, riñones con alteración de la relación entre corteza-médula y pelvis renal dilatada. La ecografía permite identificar alteraciones en los órganos que no son detectadas en el examen físico. La investigación de signos ecográficos presentes en estos pacientes favorecería el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.(AU)

Leishmaniosis visceral: hallazgos ecográficos en un canino / Visceral leishmaniosis: sonographic findings in a dog

La leishmaniosis visceral es una zoonosis que se distribuye en forma creciente en nuestra región. En un muestreo de 156 caninos realizado en la Ciudad de Corrientes entre febrero y abril del 2011 hubo una prevalencia del 10%. Las alteraciones observadas en hígado, bazo, linfonódulos y otros órganos abdominales se dan por una respuesta del organismo a la entrada del parásito. En los riñones las lesiones se manifiestan por depósito de inmunocomplejos a nivel de la membrana basal del glomérulo. En el caso presentado el ultrasonido reveló: hepatomegalia, bazo de tamaño normal con dilatación del calibre de la vena esplénica, páncreas con signos sugerentes de inflamación y linfonódulos abdominales aumentados de tamaño, riñones con alteración de la relación entre corteza-médula y pelvis renal dilatada. La ecografía permite identificar alteraciones en los órganos que no son detectadas en el examen físico. La investigación de signos ecográficos presentes en estos pacientes favorecería el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.(AU)

Leishmaniosis visceral: hallazgos ecográficos en un canino / Visceral leishmaniosis: sonographic findings in a dog

La leishmaniosis visceral es una zoonosis que se distribuye en forma creciente en nuestra región. En un muestreo de 156 caninos realizado en la Ciudad de Corrientes entre febrero y abril del 2011 hubo una prevalencia del 10%. Las alteraciones observadas en hígado, bazo, linfonódulos y otros órganos abdominales se dan por una respuesta del organismo a la entrada del parásito. En los riñones las lesiones se manifiestan por depósito de inmunocomplejos a nivel de la membrana basal del glomérulo. En el caso presentado el ultrasonido reveló: hepatomegalia, bazo de tamaño normal con dilatación del calibre de la vena esplénica, páncreas con signos sugerentes de inflamación y linfonódulos abdominales aumentados de tamaño, riñones con alteración de la relación entre corteza-médula y pelvis renal dilatada. La ecografía permite identificar alteraciones en los órganos que no son detectadas en el examen físico. La investigación de signos ecográficos presentes en estos pacientes favorecería el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.

Complex localization of single-rod contraceptive implant. Report of two clinical cases.

BACKGROUND: The subdermal single-rod contraceptive implant is used by more than one million women worldwide. In México there are ~ 600,000 colocated implants. Cases of complex implant localization caused by a deep insertion procedure have been reported. CLINICAL CASES: Two clinical cases of implant with complex localization are presented. Case 1: we present a 21-year-old female. After the insertion procedure during the 12-, 24-, and 36-month revisions, the implant could not be located. Case 2: we present a 28-year-old female with subdermal single-rod contraceptive implant co-located in the external side of the left arm, partially palpable on the extreme distal area. Transverse cut of ultrasound showed the extreme distal area of the implant at 6 and 7 cm, respectively, at the site of insertion (scar). CONCLUSIONS: Due to simplicity and accessibility, ultrasound is the selected method for identifying deep nonpalpable implants.

Empleo de la presión negativa en el tratamiento de heridas complicadas: Reporte de seis casos / Use of negative pressure for the treatment of complicated wounds: Report of six cases

Objetivo: Conocer la utilidad de un sistema de terapia basado en presión negativa tópica, aplicado en la herida quirúrgica complicada. Sede: Servicio de Cirugía General, hospital de tercer nivel de atención. Diseño: Estudio piloto, prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo. Análisis estadístico: Medidas de tendencia central. Pacientes y métodos: Se presentan seis pacientes postoperados, con herida quirúrgica abierta, complicada. Todos con infección demostrada por cultivo y con salida de material purulento, tres pacientes con abdomen abierto por sepsis abdominal, uno con lesión torácica postraumática, uno con muñón de amputación supracondílea infectado y el último paciente con herida quirúrgica complicada posterior a dermolipectomía; todos ellos con tratamientos previos sobre la herida quirúrgica antes de aplicar la presión negativa. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos que presentaban: herida complicada, infectada, con estancia hospitalaria prolongada, quienes no presentaban progreso con el tratamiento médico tradicional. Resultados: El tiempo de aplicación de la presión negativa para los seis pacientes estuvo entre 6 y 26 días, con evolución satisfactoria, obteniéndose la mejoría deseada de la herida quirúrgica y de la cavidad abdominal. En los tres pacientes con abdomen abierto y tratamiento previo con bolsa de Bogotá, se pudo cerrar la cavidad abdominal entre los 14 y los 26 días posteriores al tratamiento con presión negativa; en los otros tres pacientes, con lesiones más superficiales, el cierre de la herida se logró entre el sexto y el décimo cuarto día. En todos hubo seguimiento mayor a cinco meses, conservándose la herida cerrada, sin alteraciones. Conclusión: La terapia de presión negativa fue útil en el tratamiento de pacientes con heridas quirúrgicas complicadas y/o en el tratamiento de pacientes con abdomen abierto en sustitución de la bolsa de Bogotá. Del 100% de días de estancia hospitalaria, el 30% fue con terapia basado en presión negativa tópica.

Objective: To know the usefulness of a therapy system based on negative pressure topically applied on a complicated surgical wound. Setting: General Surgery Service, third level health care hospital. Design: Pilot study, prospective, longitudinal and descriptive. Statistical analysis: Central tendency measures. Patients and methods: We present six post-operated patients with open complicated surgical wounds. All with infection demonstrated by culture and output of purulent material: three patients with open abdomen due to abdominal sepsis, one with post-traumatic thoracic injury, one with an supracondyle infected stump, and the last with complicated surgical wound due to dermolipectomy, all of them with treatments of the surgical wound before applying negative pressure. We included consecutive patients coursing with complicated infected wounds, prolonged in-hospital stay, and who did not improve with traditional medical treatment. Results: The time of negative pressure application for the six patients ranged from 6 to 26 days, with satisfactory evolution, obtaining the expected improvement of the surgical wound and the abdominal cavity. In the three patients with open abdomen and previous treatment with Bogota pouch, the abdominal cavity could be closed between 14 and 26 days of negative pressure treatment; in the other three patients with more superficial wounds, closure of the wound was achieved between the 6th and 14th day. All patients were followed for more than 5 months, the wound remained closed and without any alterations. Conclusion: Negative pressure therapy was useful in the treatment of patients with complicated surgical wounds and/or treatment of open abdomen substituting the Bogota pouch. Of the 100% of in-hospital stay days, 30% corresponded to topically applied negative pressure therapy.

Integrated response to the dynamic threat of school violence.

A terrorist attack on US schools no longer can be considered a Black Swan event. Mounting evidence suggests that extremist organizations actively are targeting US schools. Equally disturbing are data suggesting that schools, universities, and communities are unprepared for large-scale violence. The Operational Medicine Institute Conference on an Integrated Response to the Modern Urban Terrorist Threat revealed significant variations in the perceived threats and critical response gaps among emergency medical providers, law enforcement personnel, politicians, and security specialists. The participants recommended several steps to address these gaps in preparedness, training, responses, and recovery.

[Familial adenomatous polyposis: case report of male twins]. / Poliposis adenomatosa familiar: presentación de dos casos en gemelos masculinos idénticos.

BACKGROUND: One hundred percent of the cases of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) will develop carcinoma; therefore, the necessity of diagnosis at an early age with immediate therapy is essential. In the presence of identical twins, it is mandatory for both to undergo comprehensive colonic examination as early as possible. The study took place at a third-level general hospital with the objective of explaining in detail the importance of early diagnosis of FAP. CLINICAL CASES: We report on FAP in identical male twins who were operated on at different times with different outcomes and prognosis. The first twin was treated 20 years previously at an early age and underwent subtotal colectomy with ileoproctostomy. This patient is currently asymptomatic with no evidence of malignancy. The second twin was operated on at the age of 33 years and was already a carrier of a well differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Opportune therapy carried out on the first twin has resulted in a disease-free status, in contrast with the delay in treatment of the second twin who developed carcinoma.

Poliposis adenomatosa familiar: presentación de dos casos en gemelos masculinos idénticos / Familial adenomatous polyposis: case report of male twins

BACKGROUND: One hundred percent of the cases of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) will develop carcinoma; therefore, the necessity of diagnosis at an early age with immediate therapy is essential. In the presence of identical twins, it is mandatory for both to undergo comprehensive colonic examination as early as possible. The study took place at a third-level general hospital with the objective of explaining in detail the importance of early diagnosis of FAP. CLINICAL CASES: We report on FAP in identical male twins who were operated on at different times with different outcomes and prognosis. The first twin was treated 20 years previously at an early age and underwent subtotal colectomy with ileoproctostomy. This patient is currently asymptomatic with no evidence of malignancy. The second twin was operated on at the age of 33 years and was already a carrier of a well differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Opportune therapy carried out on the first twin has resulted in a disease-free status, in contrast with the delay in treatment of the second twin who developed carcinoma.

Vigilancia epidemiológica de infección del sitio operatorio superficial: estudio comparativo de tres años / Superficial surgical site infection epidemiologic surveillance: a three year comparative study

Objetivo: comparar el número de infecciones del sitio operatorio superficial de 1,930 pacientes, divididos en tres grupos a quienes se siguió vigilancia epidemiológica. Sede: Unidad 305 del Hospital General de México. Diseño: estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, comparativo de tres grupos de operados: el grupo uno del año 1995, el dos de 1996 y el tres de 1997. Método: se registraron todos los casos, sin excluir ninguno, se clasificaron por el método tradicional basado en heridas limpias, limpias contaminadas, contaminadas y sucias. El análisis estadístico fue por Ji cuadrada y cuadros de contingencia. Resultados: hubo reducción del porcentaje de infecciones, del sitio operatorio superficial, con valor estadístico, en heridas limpias, en el grupo dos comparado contra el grupo uno, lo mismo ocurrió en el grupo tres comparado con el dos y contra el uno. En este trabajo se mostró reducción gradual del número de infecciones en heridas limpias en años sucesivos, a expensas de descenso de la flora fecal. Las infecciones fueron más comunes en mayores de 40 años de edad. La mejoría en las cifras de infecciones fue mejor en el turno matutino.

¿Es útil la vigilancia epidemiológica de la herida quirúrgica para disminuir la incidencia de infección? / Is the epidemiological suveillance useful in surgical wounds in order to decrease the incidence of infection?

Objetivo. Observar el efecto de la vigilancia epidemiológica de infección de la herida quirúrgica en una unidad de cirugía general. Sede. Unidad 305 del Hospital General de México. México, D.F. Diseño. Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, comparativo de dos grupos de pacientes; formaron el grupo 1 los operados durante el año 1995 y el grupo 2 los operados en 1996. Se registraron los casos procedentes de herida limpia, limpia contaminada, contaminada y sucia. Resultados. El grupo 1 lo conformaron 700 pacientes operados de cirugía electiva y el 2 estuvo compuesto por 667 pacientes. En el primer grupo la cifra total de infecciones fue de 28/700 = 4.0 por ciento, en cirugía limpia 16/413 = 3.87 por ciento; limpia contaminada 5/197 = 2.54 por ciento, en el grupo 2 el número fue de 9/667 = 1.34 por ciento, cirugía limpia 7/401 = 1.74 por ciento y limpia contaminada 2/212 = 0.94 por ciento; en la prueba exacta de Fisher hubo reducción con validez estadística en cifra total con valor de 0.001 y no significativas en herida limpia (0.08) y limpia contaminada (0.26). En el grupo 2 se registró cambio en las bacterias causales al disminuir el guarismo de casos infectados por gérmenes procedentes de flora fecal. Conclusión. En el segundo grupo la vigilancia epidemiológica ejerció efecto de reducción de la cifra global de infección de herida quirúrgica y se observó cambio en la flora bacteriana

Vigilancia de 3207 heridas quirúrgicas en cirugía general / Follow-up of 3 207 surgical wounds in general surgery

El objetivo de este estudio fue registrar el número de infecciones de la herida quirúrgica en cirugía general, así como descubrir los factores causales y reducir el número de infecciones posoperatorias. Se trata de una encuesta descriptiva que se efectuó en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital General de México, SSA. Se revisaron 3 207 pacientes operados en cirugía general, en un periodo de 10.5 meses, del primero de enero al 15 de noviembre de 1993. Los sericios se visitaron a diario por cuatro enfermeras, quienes colectaron datos de identificación, diagnóstico, tipo de cirugía, y resultados de los cultivos de pacientes con infección de la herida quirúrgica. Los enfermos se distribuyeron en tres grupos, de acuerdo con el tipo de herida quirúrgica. El primero involucró heridas limpias; el segundo limpias contaminadas y el tercero contaminadas y sucias. Se detectaron 103 infecciones de herida quirúrgica en 3 207 operados (3.1 por ciento). Al grupo I correspondieron 19/2 031 (0.9 por ciento), al grupo II 36/897 (4.0 por ciento) y al grupo III 48/279 (16.8 por ciento). Se obtuvieron 46 cultivos positivos. En el grupo I la bacteria más común fue el micrococo, seguido de E. coli. En el grupo II E. coli y Proteus y en el grupo III E. coli y estafilococo

Efecto de la miel aplicada tópicamente sobre la cicatrización en heridas infectadas. Modelo experimental / Effect of topical aplication of honey on healing process in infected wound. an experimental model

En el presente trabajo se evaluó la acción de la miel sobre el proceso de cicatrización aplicada localmente en heridas infectadas producidas en un modelo experimental con rata. Se utilizaron ratas Wistar, a las cuales se les resecó un bloque de tejido en el dorso; posteriormente se les contaminó la herida con Escherichia coli. Una vez presente la infección de la herida con la formación de absceso, los animales fueron asignados aleatoriamente en tres grupos de estudio: grupo I aplicación tópica de miel; grupos II lavado con hexaclorofeno, grupo III lavado con hexaclorofeno y aplicación tópica de miel. No se observó ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de estudio en relación a el diamétro de la herida, granulomas, epitelio de regeneración, infiltrado inflamatorio y población de fibroblastos. Sin embargo, el estroma fue más compacto en el grupo I