Ecological Civilisation and Amphibian Sustainability through Reproduction Biotechnologies, Biobanking, and Conservation Breeding Programs (RBCs).

Intergenerational justice entitles the maximum retention of Earth's biodiversity. The 2022 United Nations COP 15, "Ecological Civilisation: Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth", is committed to protecting 30% of Earth's terrestrial environments and, through COP 28, to mitigate the effects of the climate catastrophe on the biosphere. We focused this review on three core themes: the need and potential of reproduction biotechnologies, biobanks, and conservation breeding programs (RBCs) to satisfy sustainability goals; the technical state and current application of RBCs; and how to achieve the future potentials of RBCs in a rapidly evolving environmental and cultural landscape. RBCs include the hormonal stimulation of reproduction, the collection and storage of sperm and oocytes, and artificial fertilisation. Emerging technologies promise the perpetuation of species solely from biobanked biomaterials stored for perpetuity. Despite significant global declines and extinctions of amphibians, and predictions of a disastrous future for most biodiversity, practical support for amphibian RBCs remains limited mainly to a few limited projects in wealthy Western countries. We discuss the potential of amphibian RBCs to perpetuate amphibian diversity and prevent extinctions within multipolar geopolitical, cultural, and economic frameworks. We argue that a democratic, globally inclusive organisation is needed to focus RBCs on regions with the highest amphibian diversity. Prioritisation should include regional and international collaborations, community engagement, and support for RBC facilities ranging from zoos and other institutions to those of private carers. We tabulate a standard terminology for field programs associated with RBCs for publication and media consistency.

Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003.

Sinolethrus Bagaturov & Hillert, new subgenus is described as a monotypical subgenus for Lethrus serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935. The new subgenus is distributed in the north-central part of China. An identification key for the subgenera of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 is provided, diagnostic characters are illustrated. Furthermore, Lethrus mediocris Fairmaire, 1892 is synonymized with Lethrus (Paralethrus) bituberculatus impressifrons Ballion, 1870, and its lectotype is designated.

A review of the subgenus Mesolethrus Nikolajev, 2003 of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) with description of a new species.

A review of the subgenus Mesolethrus Nikolajev, 2003, with diagnostic characters, distribution data and a key to the species is provided. Lethrus (Mesolethrus) dyonini A. Shapovalov & Bagaturov, new species, is described from Uzbekistan (Tashkent Region). Lethrus (Mesolethrus) shakhristanicus Nikolajev, 2003 is recorded for the first time from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Previous records of L. (M.) inermis Reitter, 1866 from Kyrgyzstan are considered erroneous.