RESUMO
Background: Ovarian epithelial tumors one of the most common gynecological neoplasms; we here evaluated the presence of HPV in benign and malignant examples. Methods: In this cross-sectional study the records of 105 patients with epithelial ovarian tumors (benign and malignant) referred to Imam Hossein University Hospital from 2012 to 2015 were evaluated along with assessment of the presence of the HPV infection using PCR. Results: Among 105 patients, comprising 26 (24.8%) with malignant and 79 (75.2%) with benign lesions, the factors found to impact on malignancy were age at diagnosis, age at first pregnancy, number of pregnancies and hormonal status. However, malignancies was not related to abortion, late menopause, and early menarche. In none of the ovarian tissues (benign and malignant) was HPV DNA found. Conclusion: In this study HPV DNA could not be found in any epithelial ovarian tumors (benign and malignant) removed from 105 women; more studies with larger sample size are needed for a definite conclusion.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the surface proteins of influenza A virus, which plays an important role in immunization against influenza infection and is recognized as an important therapeutic target. Genetic and antigenic changes and substitutions can influence the efficacy of vaccine and change viral sensitivity to NA inhibitors (NAIs). In this study, we performed phylogenetic and molecular analyses of NA changes in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, compared them with the corresponding vaccine strain, and examined drug resistance mutations in isolates from patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The complete sequence of NA genes from 34 pandemic H1N1 isolates (identified in 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2013) was determined and analyzed both genetically and antigenically. The phylogenetic tree was plotted relative to the corresponding vaccine strain, using MEGA6 software package, based on the maximum likelihood method and JTT matrix (bootstrap value of 1000). RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis of pandemic isolates showed 31 amino acid substitutions in NA genes, compared to the vaccine strain. Some of these substitutions (N248D, V241I, N369K, N44S, and N200S) were important in terms of phylogenetic relationship, while the rest (D103N, V106I, R130T, N200S, G201E, and G414R) influenced the antigenic indices of B-cell epitopes. The catalytic sites, framework sites, and N-glycosylation remained unchanged in the studied samples. Meanwhile, H275Y substitution, related to oseltamivir resistance, was detected in 3 isolates. The average nucleotide identity of NAs with the corresponding vaccine strain was 99.415%, 98.607%, and 98.075% in 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2012-2013, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, we provided basic information on the genetic and antigenic changes of NA genes in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from patients in 3 different seasons in Tehran, Iran. Considering the viral NAI resistance and changes in NA gene sequences of the isolates in comparison with the vaccine strain, further studies should be performed to monitor genetic changes in Iran. Moreover, the efficacy of vaccines should be examined.
