[Donor site morbidity after free gracilis muscle flap. Report of 32 cases]. / Évaluation des séquelles du site donneur du lambeau libre de muscle gracilis. À propos de 32 cas.

BACKGROUND: Coverage of tissue defects of the lower limbs is a complex problem. Free gracilis muscle flap is a reliable surgical technique and the morbidity of its donor site is considered as minimal. Our retrospective study involved all patients who underwent a free gracilis muscle flap in a reconstructive surgery of the lower limb. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess comprehensively the aesthetic and functional morbidity of the free gracilis flap donor site. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients underwent a gracilis muscle free flap in our plastic surgery department, between January 2009 and April 2012, as part of a reconstructive surgery of the lower limb. All medical datas were carried out using computerized records. Aesthetic and functional assessments of the donor site were done by the patient using questionnaires and by a plastic surgeon and a physiotherapist using a clinical evaluation, 6 months after surgery. A comparative study between both limbs including the thigh perimeter analysis, an isokinetic study of the knee, a study of the range of motion of hip and knee, and an assessment of the strength of adduction of the hip were conducted. RESULTS: Concerning the aesthetic outcomes, the clinical and subjective scores were satisfactory with a Vancouver score under 1. Five patients had a decrease in the volume of the thigh after surgery. Concerning the functional outcomes, no motor or sensory defects were reported. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated for the range of motion of the hip and knee between both limbs. The strength of hip adduction was not altered by the removal of the gracilis muscle. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the low aesthetic and functional donor site morbidity of the free gracilis muscle flap. The aftermath of the donor area of the flap are very well accepted by patients, which is a sign of good acceptance of the whole reconstruction. Because of these findings and the suitability of the flap at the recipient site, the gracilis muscle free flap should be part of the armamentarium of any reconstructive surgeon.

[The free gracilis muscle flap in the foot and ankle reconstructive surgery]. / Le lambeau libre de muscle gracilis en chirurgie reconstructrice du pied, de la cheville et du tiers distal de la jambe.

SUBJECT: The distal third of the leg, ankle and foot is an anatomical region where reconstructive surgery is difficult and many flaps are described. The authors describe their own experience in the reconstruction of this anatomical region using the gracilis muscle free flap. METHODS: From January 2009 to April 2012, the authors operated 32 patients for reconstructive surgery of the distal third of the leg, ankle or foot using a free gracilis muscle flap. A retrospective analysis of the etiology and the size of the loss of tissue substance were performed. The operative data, complications, as well as aesthetic and functional results were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-two free gracilis muscle flap were performed. The authors reported five necrosis requiring surgical use of a locoregional flap. The mean duration of follow-up was 15.2 months (6-34 months). The average size of the defect was 53.4 cm(2) (35.7 to 78.1cm(2)) and the etiology was traumatic in 81.3% of cases. The Vancouver score of the area reconstructed was excellent. Functional assessment of the ankle was satisfactory and usual footwear was possible in 96% of patients. Concerning the isokinetic study of the ankle, maximum and average forces were similar to the healthy ankle in a tumor etiology, but less when traumatic. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the free gracilis muscle flap is an excellent technique for the reconstruction of tissue defects of the distal third of the leg, ankle or foot. Its donor site morbidity is very low. The free gracilis flap is suitable for small or long lost of substance and its adaptation at the receptor site is excellent. For these reasons, the gracilis muscle free flap should have its place in reconstructive surgery of the foot and ankle.

[Occult primary MALT lymphoma of the breast diagnosed and treated by reduction mammaplasty. An exceptional case report and review of the literature]. / Lymphome du MALT primitif du sein découvert fortuitement et traité par la réduction mammaire. À propos d'un cas exceptionnel et revue de la littérature.

Primary Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the breast is a very rare disease. We report here a case of occult primary MALT lymphoma of the breast diagnosed from a mammaplasty specimen. Primary tumor resection during the mammaplasty surgery was the only treatment of this lymphoma, and there was no recurrence at five years. The clinical and radiologic presentation of primary MALT lymphoma of the breast is similar to epithelial breast carcinoma, and the main diagnostic criteria are microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry. The prognosis of breast primary MALT lymphomas is good after local treatment by surgery and/or radiotherapy, and surgery shouldn't be too aggressive. In this case, no other treatment was indicated after the first surgical procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of occult primary MALT lymphoma of the breast diagnosed from a mammaplasty specimen. This allows us to highlight the need for systematic microscopic examination of mammaplasty specimens conducted by an experienced pathologist, especially as preoperative examinations are not able to detect all occult breast carcinomas.

[Indication of sclerotherapy in the treatment of ischiatic pressure sore: about 13 cases]. / Indication de la sclérothérapie dans le traitement de l'escarre ischiatique. À propos de 13 cas.

INTRODUCTION: Ischiatic pressure sore is a common pathology of the paraplegic patient. Usually treated after medical therapy, with fasciocutaneous or musculocutaneous local flaps, despite this treatment the recurrence rate is high. Sclerotherapy, injection of pure ethanol in the cavity of the pressure sore could be an interesting solution in the armentarium of the plastic surgeon in some indications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sclerotherapy was used for 13 patients in the plastic surgery department to treat ischiatic pressure sores with a cavity, beneath the defect. RESULTS: The mean length of stay was 24 days. The ischiatic pressure sore was completely healed with no skin defect or cavity for nine patients (65%). For two patients, there was a delay of healing of the skin defect but no cavity beneath. There were two early recurrences of the pressure sore. They were treated by sclerotherapy with a complete recovery in 2 months with simple hydrocolloid dressings. The mean post op follow-up was 14,6 months (4 to 24). Only one recurrence was observed after 12 months. CONCLUSION: The injection of pure ethanol in the cavity of specifics ischiatics pressure sores is a simple, fast and effective technique with a good and stable long term wound healing. The mean length of stay is shorter and the recurrence rate is equivalent to other techniques.