Mortality after kidney transplantation: 10-year outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: In the past decade, advances in immunological therapy have increased the survival of kidney recipients and their grafts. However, it has not achieved the desired level of improvement. This study aims to reveal the mortality among kidney recipients. METHODS: Medical data of the patients, who had undergone kidney transplantation (KT) between November 2010 and December 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were adult kidney recipients, who had died. Exclusion criteria were pediatric recipients, recipients of en bloc and dual KT, recipients with missing data, and recipients with a primary non-functioning graft. The recipients were grouped according to their donor type; Group 1 (from a living donor) and Group 2 (from a deceased donor). Subgroup analyses were done for mortality by time-period post-transplant and for infectious causes of mortality. RESULTS: Of 314 recipients, 35 (11.14%) died. Twenty-nine recipients were included in the study (Group 1: 17 and Group 2: 12). The most common cause of mortality was infection (58.6%), and the second was cardiovascular disease (CVD) (24.1%). Sepsis developed in 29.4% of infection-related deaths, while COVID-19 constituted 23.5% of infection-related deaths. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment of infectious and CVD are important to improve survival in kidney recipients.

OBJETIVOS: En la última década, los avances en la terapia inmunológica han aumentado la supervivencia de los receptores de riñón y sus injertos. Sin embargo, no se pudo lograr el nivel de mejora deseado. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revelar la mortalidad entre los receptores de riñón. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los datos médicos de los pacientes, que se habían sometido a un trasplante de riñón entre Noviembre de 2010 y Diciembre de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión fueron los receptores de riñón adultos, que habían fallecido. Los criterios de exclusión fueron los receptores pediátricos, los receptores de trasplantes de riñón dual y en bloque, los receptores con datos faltantes y los receptores con un injerto primario no funcionante. Los receptores se agruparon según su tipo de donante; Grupo 1 (de un donante vivo) y Grupo 2 (de un donante fallecido). Se realizaron análisis de subgrupos para la mortalidad por período de tiempo posterior al trasplante y para las causas infecciosas de mortalidad. RESULTADOS: De 314 beneficiarios, 35 (11,14%) fallecieron. Se incluyeron 29 receptores en el estudio (Grupo 1:17; Grupo 2:12). La causa más común de mortalidad fue la infección (58,6%) y la segunda fue la enfermedad cardiovascular (24,1%). La sepsis se desarrolló en el 29,4% de las muertes relacionadas con la infección, mientras que el COVID-19 constituyó el 23,5% de las muertes relacionadas con la infección. CONCLUSIÓN: El diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos de enfermedades infecciosas y cardiovasculares es importante para mejorar la supervivencia de los receptores de riñón.

Synthesis and spectroscopy of silica nanoparticles as scatter centers in random gain porous media.

This work was carried out to synthesis a silica matrix by sol-gel technique, which used as host to Kiton Red laser dye doped with silica nanoparticles, which also prepared by sol-gel technique, to obtain KR-SiO2 nanoparticles confined in silica xerogel matrix. The rods at different pH values were successfully synthesized. The different values of pH cause different size of obtained nanoparticles, these nanoparticles act as scatter centers in the matrix. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), threshold pumping energy (E(th)), and mean free path (l(t)) for photons in the rods have been reported. the results show that the values of bandwidth at full width half-maximum (FWHM) and the threshold energy are about 8.7 nm and 12 mJ respectively.

Retained abdominal gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review.

AIM: The aim of this study is to make a systematic review of high-quality published trails regarding the complications of retained gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelitiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline search from 1987 to 2013 was done. Nine studies with >500 LCs which reported retained gallstones and perforated gallbladders were analyzed systematically. RESULTS: Of 536 listed reports including case reports, clinical trials, reviews, journal articles, and meta-analytic reports; 9 studies each reporting >500 LCs which reported the incidence of perforated gallbladders and spilled stones were found. The number of operations, the number of perforated gallbladders, the number of patients who had gallstone spillage, and the postoperative complications were searched in these studies and the strongest and weakest aspects of the articles were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Retained abdominal gallstones can cause various postoperative problems including extra-abdominal complications. In case of perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, spilled gallstones should be collected to prevent further complications but conversion to open surgery is not mandatory.

Diagnosis and management of palpebral anthrax.

Anthrax is an infectious disease that is not well known by ophthalmologists. In its cutaneous form, it may produce lesions of the eyelids. We report eight cases of palpebral anthrax. All patients presented with a black necrotic eschar and a tegumentary edema, with a history of contact with sick animals. The curative treatment was based on intravenous penicillin G in four cases and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in the four other cases. The palpebral lesions resolved, leaving no clinical evidence of eyelid abnormalities in six patients. Only two patients developed a cicatricial ectropion and a palpebral symphysis. Although palpebral anthrax is a rare disease in humans, ophthalmologists should be aware of its symptoms and management.

[Ophthalmomyiasis interna: two case studies]. / Ophtalmomyiase interne: à propos de deux cas.

Myiasis is a pathology caused by the presence of fly larvae in the human organism. Ophthalmomyiasis interna is characterized by the presence of the parasite within the eye but also in the eyelids and the orbit. Herein, the authors present the clinical cases of two patients presenting ophthalmomyiasis interna revealed by retinal detachment for the first patient and by panuveitis for the second patient. These two cases should make ophthalmologists aware of this rare disease that can effect patients living in direct contact with ovine races.