Horizontal Extraocular Muscle Insertion Site in Relation to Axial Length Using Swept-Source Anterior Segment OCT.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to correlate between the axial length of the globe and the insertion site of horizontal extraocular muscles using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT), with posing an equation to calculate the muscle insertion site from the axial length. METHODS: The study design was observational and cross-sectional. It was performed on 157 eyes of 157 healthy subjects. The distance of the medial rectus (MR) and the lateral rectus (LR) insertion sites from the limbus were measured using SS-ASOCT. The insertion sites' distances were correlated to the axial length (hypermetropes < 22.5 mm, myopes > 24.5). Correlation between numerical variables was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient and confirmed by linear regression analysis and scatter diagrams. RESULTS: The mean MR insertion site was 5.47 ± 0.19 mm in hypermetropes versus 5.68 ± 0.23 mm in myopes, whereas the mean LR insertion site was 6.81± 0.23 mm in hyperopes versus 7.08 ± 0.16 mm in myopes. The axial length showed a moderate positive, but significant, correlation to the insertional position for the medial and lateral rectus muscles (MR: r=0.417, p<0.001; LR: r=0.410, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Comparing the horizontal extraocular muscle insertion site to axial length using SS-ASOCT showed a significant positive correlation. The model equation for MR insertion: MR (mm) = 4.522 + 0.045 (AXL in mm) with an R = 0.437, R2= 0.191, F=12.071, P<0.001. The model equation for LR insertion: LR (mm) = 5.72 + 0.048 (AXL in mm) with an R = 0.438, R2= 0.192, F=12.116, P<0.001.

Assessment of superficial and deep retinal vessel density in systemic lupus erythematosus patients using optical coherence tomography angiography.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the retinal microvascular density in SLE patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to correlate vascular density with the disease activity and damage risk. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 20 SLE patients were compared with 20 eyes of normal subjects. The retinal capillary plexuses were examined by OCTA. The disease activity and damage risk were evaluated by the SLEDAI-2 K and SLICC/ACR SDI scoring systems. RESULTS: No difference was found between SLE patients' central foveal thickness (CFT) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the normal (P > 0.05). SLE patients had slightly lower superficial vessel densities than normal in the upper and lower macular regions (P < 0.05), sparing the middle sectors (P > 0.05). In the deep plexus, vessel density loss was detected in all sectors (P < 0.001). The vessel density in 300-µm-wide region around the FAZ (FD-300) and the acircularity index (AI) were affected in the SLE in comparison to the normal group (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the SLEDAI-2 k and the retinal vessel density in either layer, while the SLICC/SDI had moderate inverse correlation with vessel density in some sectors (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the deep capillary plexus had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting vascular damage in SLE patients. CONCLUSIONS: OCTA permits noninvasive quantitative assessment of retinal vessel density in SLE, allowing early detection of altered retinal circulation. Vessel density could be included in future assessment of SLE activity and damage scores.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Early-onset Glaucoma following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in Egyptian Children: One-year Study.

AIM: To study the incidence and risk factors of glaucoma occurring within 1 year following pediatric cataract surgery in Egyptian children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective nonrandomized study conducted at Aburich Children's Hospital, over a period of 1 year on a cohort of Egyptian patients with congenital and infantile cataract. One hundred and fifty eyes of 88 patients were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent anterior approach removal of lens matter, whereas primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was carried at the age of 1 and 2 years for unilateral and bilateral cases respectively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. For those who developed glaucoma, time of diagnosis and associated risk factors were reported. RESULTS: The incidence of glaucoma was 11.33% (17 of 150 eyes), while incidence of glaucoma suspect was 0.67% (1 of 150 eyes) in the first year following cataract surgery. The majority of the cases (66.7%) were discovered in the first 3 months postcataract surgery. Age at time of cataract surgery, the state of aphakia/pseudophakia, persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), and microphthalmia were not found to be significant predictors of early-onset glaucoma in our study. CONCLUSION: Aphakic glaucoma continues to be a devastating condition with high incidence during first year following cataract surgery. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Regular follow-up should start as early as possible following cataract surgery. Further prospective studies with larger study population are required.How to cite this article: Gawdat GI, Youssef MM, Bahgat NM, Elfayoumi DM, Eddin MAS. Incidence and Risk Factors of Early-onset Glaucoma following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in Egyptian Children: One-year Study. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):80-85.