A 2.5° × 2.5° gridded drought/flood grades dataset for eastern China during the last millennium.

Hydroclimate reconstruction for the last millennium is essential to understand the differences in hydroclimate extremes and their causes under cold/warm conditions. In this study, the first gridded drought/flood grades (D/F grades) dataset in eastern China (EC) during the last millennium was generated. This D/F grades dataset mainly consisted of two components. The first section was created by interpolating drought/flood grades from 1500 to 2000 using the angular distance weight method. Sampling error estimates were employed to assess the effects of the interpolated dataset. The second section for the D/F grades dataset during 960-1500 was generated by constructing best subset regression models using selected tree-ring chronologies in the United States through atmospheric teleconnection. The validation parameters of the calibration equations were also derived, including the adjusted R2, predicted R2, RE, and CE. This dataset provides critical support for investigating the characteristics and causes of hydroclimate extremes in EC at various spatiotemporal scales, as well as the relationship with climate modes, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and East Asia Summer Monsoon.

Stimulus-responsive hybrid nanoparticles based on multiple lipids for the co-delivery of doxorubicin and Sphk2-siRNA and breast cancer therapy.

The development of breast cancer is usually related to multiple pathways. A combinatory therapeutic system that combines drug/siRNA targeting several independent pathways has become an attractive approach to reduce the side effects and improve the efficiency of antitumor drugs. Herein, we designed a unique micelle-liposome hybrid nanoparticle platform for the combinatory administration of the cytotoxic drug DOX and Sphk2-siRNA for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer. The synthesized lipid dioleoyl ethanolamine (DE) and pH-responsive DOPE were used to produce DOX/siRNA co-loaded hybrid nanoparticle (DOX-MC-siSphk2/ASLNP), with high drug-loading capacity and transfection efficacy. We demonstrated that simultaneous cellular endocytosis of DOX/siRNA induced by nanoparticles in MCF-7/ADR cells could acquire higher drug cytotoxicity and contribute to increasing the apoptosis of tumor cell. Furthermore, DOX-MC-siSphk2/ASLNP could significantly block the tumor growth of MDR breast cancer in xenograft mouse model with lower cardiotoxicity.

Mitochondrial COI gene is valid to delimitate Tylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) species.

Tylenchidae is a widely distributed soil-inhabiting nematode family. Regardless their abundance, molecular phylogeny based on rRNA genes is problematic, and the delimitation of taxa in this group remains poorly documented and highly uncertain. Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene is an important barcoding gene that has been widely used species identifications and phylogenetic analyses. However, currently COI data are only available for one species in Tylenchidae. In present study, we newly obtained 27 COI sequences from 12 species and 26 sequences from rRNA genes. The results suggest that the COI gene is valid to delimitate Tylenchidae species but fails to resolve phylogenetic relationships.Tylenchidae is a widely distributed soil-inhabiting nematode family. Regardless their abundance, molecular phylogeny based on rRNA genes is problematic, and the delimitation of taxa in this group remains poorly documented and highly uncertain. Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene is an important barcoding gene that has been widely used species identifications and phylogenetic analyses. However, currently COI data are only available for one species in Tylenchidae. In present study, we newly obtained 27 COI sequences from 12 species and 26 sequences from rRNA genes. The results suggest that the COI gene is valid to delimitate Tylenchidae species but fails to resolve phylogenetic relationships.