Development and Evaluation of Multilingual Education Materials to Promote Immigrant Women's Adaptation to Pregnancy.

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop and evaluate multilingual education materials to promote health and adaptation to pregnancy for immigrant women in Korea. METHODS: This study had three procedures: First, contents of the education materials were developed according to pregnant women's needs, literature reviews, and group discussion. Details in contents were constructed based on Roy's adaptation model; Second, validity verification and translation of education materials were accomplished; Third, evaluation of the education materials was done through a survey of immigrant women. RESULTS: The education materials were developed in six languages (Korean, English, Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipino, and Cambodian). The title is "Healthy mother, happy family: eight-step guide to a healthy pregnancy". It was composed of an eight-step guide to healthy pregnancy, self-examination check list, websites for childbirth education and information, and guidelines on education materials in a brochure. In the evaluation, the average response score for the questionnaire items was high (3.23 on a four-point Likert scale). The average score for Cambodian immigrants was the highest of all immigrant women. CONCLUSION: Multilingual education materials developed in this research will help community health nurses to manage pregnancies for immigrant women and will be useful for health education for these women.

[Fatigue, depression and sleep in young adult and middle-aged].

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate fatigue, depression and sleep in young adult and middle-aged. METHOD: The convenient sample consisted of 415 subjects from 20 to 59 years old. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from July to October, 2001. The VAS-F and CES-D were utilized to measure the level of fatigue and depression. Sleep duration and sleep satisfaction were measured based on the subject's self-report. RESULT: The result of the study revealed that the level of fatigue and depression was higher among young adult than middle-aged. Considering age and gender, the level of fatigue and depression was higher among young adult women and middle-aged men. Depression and sleep satisfaction influenced on the fatigue. CONCLUSION: Health care providers need to concern about fatigue and depression in young adult women and middle-aged men. Especially, more concern and intervention programs are needed for young adult women and middle-aged men.

[The relationships among loneliness, social support, and family function in elderly Korean].

PURPOSE: To examine the relationships among loneliness, social support, and family function in elderly Korean. METHOD: The sample for this study were 290 elderly Korean who were at least 60 years of age. Data were collected by interview using the translated Korean versions of the Revised University of California Los Angels Loneliness Scale(RULS), Family APGAR, and Social Support Questionnaire 6. RESULT: Subjects were moderately lonely and had moderately functional families. Means for social support were 1.42 for network size and 4.09 for satisfaction. Subjects who lived with their spouses had a larger number of network members than who did not live with spouses. However, living with spouses was not associated with social support satisfaction. The level of loneliness was related negatively to the level of social support network, social support satisfaction and family function in this study. Social support satisfaction and Family function were the significant predictor of loneliness. CONCLUSION: The number of social supporter and satisfaction and family function should be considered in nursing intervention to decrease the level of loneliness in older adults. Further studies and efforts will be needed to reduce the level of loneliness in older adults.