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1.
Comp Med ; 73(4): 260-266, 2023 08 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37536933

RESUMO

Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of conditions like autism and schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of risperidone in zebrafish embryos ( Danio rerio ) with regard to survival, development, and cardiac and neural systems. The results showed that concentrations above 100 µM were associated with deaths, teratogenic effects, and cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. The findings support the utility of zebrafish for toxicological screening studies.


Assuntos
Poluentes Químicos da Água , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Risperidona/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacologia , Embrião não Mamífero , Coração
2.
Comp Med ; 72(5): 342-348, 2022 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36123048

RESUMO

The salt calcium chloride (CaCl2) is widely used in industry as a food additive; levels for human consumption are regulated by international or governmental agencies. Generally, the food industry relies on toxicity studies conducted in mammals such as mice, rats, and rabbits for determining food safety. However, testing in mammals is time-consuming and expensive. Zebrafish have been used in a range of toxicological analyses and offer advantages with regard to sensitivity, time, and cost. However, information in not available with regard to whether the sensitivity of zebrafish to CaCl2 is comparable to the concentrations of CaCl2 used as food additives. The aim of this study was to compare the CaCl2 tolerance of zebrafish embryos and larvae with concentrations currently approved as food additives. Acute toxicity, embryotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity assays were used to determine the threshold toxic concentration of CaCl2 in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The data showed that doses above 0.4% had toxic effects on development and on the activity of the cardiac and neuronal systems. Furthermore, all embryos exposed to 0.8 and 1.6% of CaCl2 died after 24 hpf. These findings are consistent with the limits of CaCl2 concentrations approved by Codex Alimentarius. Therefore, zebrafish embryos could be suitable for screening food additives.


Assuntos
Embrião não Mamífero , Peixe-Zebra , Humanos , Camundongos , Ratos , Coelhos , Animais , Cloreto de Cálcio/toxicidade , Larva , Aditivos Alimentares/farmacologia , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Mamíferos
3.
Lab Anim Res ; 38(1): 5, 2022 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35193700

RESUMO

Zebrafish is considered an unprecedented animal model in drug discovery. A review of the literature presents highlights and elucidates the biological effects of chemical components found in Cannabis sativa. Particular attention is paid to endocannabinoid system (eCB) and its main receptors (CB1 and CB2). The zebrafish model is a promising one for the study of cannabinoids because of the many similarities to the human system. Despite the recent advances on the eCB system, there is still the need to elucidate some of the interactions and, thus, the zebrafish model can be used for that purpose as it respects the 3Rs concept and reduced time and costs. In view of the relevance of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of diseases, as well as the importance of the zebrafish animal model in elucidating the biological effects of new drugs, the aim of this study was to bring to light information on the use of the zebrafish animal model in testing C. sativa-based medicines.

4.
Lab Anim Res ; 37(1): 27, 2021 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34530926

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recently a screen from a library of 1.8 million compounds identified in vitro a potent activity of the 2-aminobenzimidazoles series against Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent responsible by over 20.000 deaths each year. Several analogs were synthesized and in vitro tested through an optimization program, leading to a promising 2-aminobenzimidazoles derived compound (2amnbzl-d) that was progressed to in vivo mice studies. However, the not expected toxic effects prevented its progression to more advanced preclinical and clinical phases of drug development. Due to limitations of cell models in detecting whole organism complex interactions, 90% of the compounds submitted to pre-clinical tests are reproved. The use of Zebrafish embryo models could improve this rate, saving mammals, time and costs in the development of new drugs. To test this hypothesis, we compared 2amnbzl-d with two compounds with already established safety profile: carbamazepine and benznidazole, using an embryo Zebrafish platform based on acute toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity assays (Pltf-AcHpNrCd). RESULTS: Tests were performed blindly, and the results demonstrated the presence of lethal and teratogenic effects (CL50%: 14.8 µM; EC50%: 8.6 µM), hepatotoxic in concentrations above 7.5 µM and neurotoxic in embryos exposed to 15 µM of 2amnbzl-d. Nevertheless, benznidazole exposition showed no toxicity and only the 100 µM of carbamazepine induced a bradycardia. CONCLUSIONS: Results using Pltf-AcHpNrCd with zebrafish reproduced that found in the toxicological tests with mammals to a portion of the costs and time of experimentation.

5.
Sci Total Environ ; 756: 143851, 2021 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33257061

RESUMO

Artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua L. plants has a range of properties that qualifies it to treat several diseases, such as malaria and cancer. However, it has short half-life, which requires making continuous use of it, which has motivated the association of artemisinin (ART) with polymeric nanoparticles to increase its therapeutic efficiency. However, the ecotoxicological safety of this association has been questioned, given the scarcity of studies in this area. Thus, in this work the toxicity of Poly (ε-Caprolactone) nanocapsules added with ART (ART-NANO) in zebrafish (Danio rerio), embryos and adults was studied. Different endpoints were analyzed in organisms exposed to ART-NANO, including those predictive of embryotoxicity and histopatoxicity. Embryotoxicity was analyzed based on Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline (236) for fish embryo acute toxicity applied to zebrafish (Danio rerio) at 96 hpf under five nominal logarithmic concentrations (0.125 to 2.0 mg/ L). Our results demonstrate, mainly, that fertilized eggs presented increased coagulation, lack of heart rate, vitelline sac displacement and lack of somite formation. On the other hand, adult individuals (exposed to the same concentrations and evaluated after 24 and 96 h of exposure) have shown increased pericarditis. Therefore, the treatment based on ART, poly (ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules and on their combination at different concentrations have shown toxic effects on zebrafish embryos and adult individuals.


Assuntos
Artemisininas , Nanocápsulas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adulto , Animais , Artemisininas/toxicidade , Caproatos , Embrião não Mamífero , Humanos , Lactonas , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Peixe-Zebra
6.
Lab Anim Res ; 36: 13, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32382525

RESUMO

Much of medical research relies on animal models to deepen knowledge of the causes of animal and human diseases, as well as to enable the development of innovative therapies. Despite rodents being the most widely used research model worldwide, in recent decades, the use of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model has exponentially been adopted among the scientific community. This is because such a small tropical freshwater teleost fish has crucial genetic, anatomical and physiological homology with mammals. Therefore, zebrafish constitutes an excellent experimental model for behavioral, genetic and toxicological studies which unravels the mechanism of various human diseases. Furthermore, it serves well to test new therapeutic agents, such as the safety of new vaccines. The aim of this review was to provide a systematic literature review on the most recent studies carried out on the topic. It presents numerous advantages of this type of animal model in tests of efficacy and safety of both animal and human vaccines, thus highlighting gains in time and cost reduction of research and analyzes.

7.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 22(1): 65-72, jan.-fev. 2017. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-840375

RESUMO

RESUMO Atualmente o uso racional da água vem sendo tema de discussão perante órgãos governamentais e não governamentais ao redor do mundo. Seguindo essa tendência, leis cada vez mais severas devem ser implantadas em relação ao uso desse bem natural. Em um frigorífico de frango, o uso da água ocorre de forma generalizada ao longo de todo o processo industrial. Nesse contexto, o atual estudo teve o objetivo de comparar o consumo de água em um frigorífico brasileiro de frangos de corte (grande porte) com modelos já propostos e utilizados em outros países com o intuito de identificar soluções para mitigar perdas provenientes de sua má gestão. Concluiu-se que alterações em alguns pontos-chave do processamento possibilitariam à indústria o uso mais sustentável da água, como substituição da eletronarcose por insensibilização a gás, diminuição da dimensão do tanque de escaldagem ou mudança no processo, substituição do pré-resfriamento por imersão em água por pré-resfriamento a ar, redução da renovação de água nos tanques resfriadores, alterações no sistema de geração do frio em ambientes climatizados, assim como o reúso total ou parcial da água.


ABSTRACT Currently, rational use of water has been the subject of discussion of government agencies and non-governmental organizations around the world. Following this trend, increasingly stringent laws should be implemented regarding the use of this natural asset. In a broiler slaughterhouse, water usage occurs widely along the entire flowchart. In this context, the present study aimed to compare consumption of water within a broiler slaughterhouse (large size) with models already proposed and used in other countries in order to identify solutions to mitigate losses from mismanagement. It follows that changes in a few key points of the process would give the industry a more sustainable use of water, like replacement of electronarcose by stunning gas, decreasing of the size of the scalding tank or changing in the process, replacement of pre-cooling by water immersion for pre-cooling by air, decreasing of the water renewal in cooling tanks, changes in the cold generator system in air-conditioned environments, as well as the total or partial reuse of water.

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