[Morphofunctional characterization and DNA stability of spermatozoa in primary examination of men fertility].

AIM: To assess the morphological and functional characteristics of spermatozoa and DNA stability in patients with normal seed parameters and with an ITZ exceeding the threshold value. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 85 males were studied for semen quality parameters. The morphological anomalies of head, middle piece, and tail of spermatozoa were estimated and presented in illustrations. Due to results elaborated the index of teratozoospermia was calculated. Then the Comet assay was performed. RESULTS: It has been found that spermatozoa from patients with high teratozoospermia index possessed decreased motility as compared to ones from patients with low index of teratozoospermia. It was not found any difference in concentration of spermatozoa between groups of males which possess low and high index of teratozoospermia. The spontaneous frequency of DNA damage estimated by means of single cell gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining in spermatozoa from healthy donors did not exceed 3,1+/-0,6. The frequency of DNA damages in sperm of patients with abnormal index of teratozoospermia exceeded 39,6+/-7,4% (p<0,01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that minor morphological changes in spermatozoa do not affect their motility, while significant morphological abnormalities with ITZ exceeding threshold values are closely associated with impaired DNA stability and dramatically reduce the quality of patients seed. SUMMARY: In the initial assessment of patient fertility the attention should be focused on a comprehensive study of sperm DNA morphology and stability.

System of KISS-KISS1R: focus on peripheral signaling in androgen-dependent tissues in the experimentally induced model hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Kisspeptins, ligands of G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) encoded by the KiSS-1 gene, have recently emerged as key gatekeepers of the gonadotropic axis. Unlike its role at the hypothalamus on GnRH secretion, the effects of kisspeptins on gonadal and other peripheral tissues need to be clarified. The purpose: To investigate the impact of experimentally induced hypogonadism in male rats on kisspeptins signaling in androgen-dependent tissues and blood. Methods: Wistar male rats (total number 31) were used. Rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (control, prepubertal rats aged 2 months, n = 7). Group 2 (control, pubertal rats aged 4 months, n = 6). Group 3 (unilaterally gonadectomized (ULG) in neonatal period). Group 4 (ULG testosterone-treated with testosterone (T) propionate 5 mg/kg/d during 10 days). In all the four groups density of GPR54 in testes and muscle and serum kisspeptin levels and T levels were estimated. The data was expressed as median values (Me) that were compared by Wilkokson criterion. Results: Density of GPR54 in gonads in group 3 was lower than in group 2 (Me 0,88 ng/mg vs 1,13 ng/mg, p<0,05) and similar to group 1(Me 0,92 ng/mg). Unlike above, density of GPR54 in muscle in all groups 1,2,3 was not any differences (Me 0,1; 0,12; 0,13 ng/mg, p>0,05).Generally, density of GPR54 in group 2 in gonads was significantly higher than in the same group in muscle (Me 0,784 ng/mg vs 0.114 ng/mg, p<0,01). In the group 3 a significant decrease in serum levels of T (Me 15,39 ng/mg) in comparison with group 2 (Me 20,02 ng/mg, p<0,01) was invented. However, serum levels of kisspeptins in both groups had not any differences (0,27 ng/mg and 0,26 ng/mg, p>0,05). Treatment with testosterone propionate of the rats of group 4 lead to increase of serum level of T (from 15,39 ng/mg to 26,26 ng/mg, p<0,01), but didn`t modify the density of GPR54 in gonads (Me 0,79 ng/mg). Conclusions: Hypogonadism lead to decrease of kisspeptins signaling in peripheral androgen-dependent tissues. Serum level of kisspeptins is physiologically low and, probably, it can not be used as a marker of activity of kisspeptins system. Efficacy of treatment with testosterone is not enough that is required a novel therapeutic resources.

[The effect of metformin on myocardial tolerance to ischemia in rats with diabetes mellitus type 2].

The effect of metformin on myocardial sensitivity to ischemia in rats with neonatal streptozotocin T2DM was investigated using the model of global ischemia-reperfusion in the isolated perfused heart. Metformin administration had no effect on infarct size. At the same time, infarct size in T2DM was significantly lower than in controls, which is indicative of the phenomenon of metabolic preconditioning in T2DM. The protocol of metformin administration used in this study had not afforded a significant cardioprotective effect in animals with T2DM.

Sexual function in adult male rats after prenatal modulation of the cholinergic system.

Prenatal administration of the n-cholinolytic ganglerone to pregnant female rats at different periods of gestation was found to lead to long-term changes in sexual behavior in pubescent offspring: there was a reduced dynamic of acquiring sexual experience and a very low level of sexual activity, with significant impairment to the motivational and ejaculatory components of sexual behavior. The number of males with reduced sexual activity in the experimental groups was significantly greater than that in control offspring. The results obtained here provide evidence that impairments of sexual function in adult offspring induced by prenatal administration of the n-cholinolytic ganglerone at 9-11 and 12-14 days of gestation and, to a lesser extent, the m-cholinolytic metamyzil at 9-11 days of gestation, were due to impairment to the central mechanisms regulating sexual function due to stable changes in neurotransmitter activity in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, along with a significant reduction in the blood testosterone level.

[The sexual function of mature rat males after prenatal modulation of cholinergic system].

The data obtained have shown that prenatal exposure of pregnant rat females of 9-19-day pregnancy to N-cholinolytics as compared to M-cholinolytics produce long-term behavioural changes in pubescent rat progeny. Pubescent rat progeny had low dynamics of gaining sexual experience and decreased sexual activity with equal disturbance of motivation and coitus. The number of males with absence of sexual activity was above that of the control group. We suggest that sexual dysfunction of offspring adulthood was provoked by introduction of ganglerone (N-cholinolytic) which had been injected on 9-11 and 12-14 days of gestation, and metamyzil (M-cholinolytic) injected on 9-11 days of gestation. Apparently, regulation of neuronal mechanisms for sexual function is disturbed as a consequence of lasting change in neurotransmitter activity. It is suggested that dopaminergic activity in brain limbic structures was affected the most. The significant decrease in blood testosterone values has also been elucidated.

[Effect of vilon on neuroendocrine status and sexual function of old male rats].

The hypogonadal status of hemigonadectomised male rats has been choseh as a model of age-related sexual function decline in animals. The effect of dipeptide Vilon on parameters of sexual function and neuroendocrine status was studied. The results showed that regular introduction of Vilon in a dose of 50 microg per rat activates sexual function in old male rats. The obtained data confirm that Vilon significantly affects neuroendocrine status of animals, as well as the level of LH, prolactin and ACTH and changes the content of neurotransmitters in hypothalamus. We consider the changes in sexual function caused by Vilon not relate to change in one parameter only, but are mediated by a set of neuroendocrine and neuromediatorial factors. Significant decrease in prolactin content in blood is worthy of notice, as age-related hypersecretion of this hormone is one of the main factors leading to age-related sexual function decline.

Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on radioligand binding of [3H]-testosterone by androgen receptors in rat hypothalamus.

Intramuscular injections of dehydroepiandrosterone in a dose of 0.7 mg/kg for 10 days significantly increased nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of androgen receptors in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area. Presumably, the effect of the neurosteroid is mediated by 5 alpha-reductase transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone into 5 alpha-dehydroepiandrosterone, which initiates the synthesis of androgen receptors.

[Various aspects of surgery of rheumatic heart diseases]. / Nekotorye aspekty khirurgii revmaticheskikh porokov serdtsa.

Successful surgical treatment of acquired heart diseases supposes using newest methods of diagnostics, pharmacological therapy, dynamic control of correcting indicators, including energy situations of the myocardium and its venous outflow, immune status of the organism and its basis--the cell immunity, functional state of internal organs (liver, kidneys, lungs). Special attention should be paid to prophylactics of thromboses and embolisms, hepato-renal sufficiency and pulmonary complications.

[Changes in enzyme activity in postoperative myocardial biopsy samples after surgical correction of late-stage rheumatic heart defects]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti fermentov v operatsionnykh biotatakh miokarda pri khirurgicheskoi korrektsii revmaticheskogo poroka mitral'nogo klapana pozdnikh stadii.

A direct statistically reliable correction of decrease of the enzymes with the initial state of the patients has been established in an analysis of 25 patients aged from 18 to 60 years in prosthesis of+ the mitral valve (n-9) and closed mitral commissurotomy (n-16). The enzyme activity after prosthesis of+ the mitral valve was twice lower that after closed commissurotomy. Activity of ATP-ase of myofibrils proved to be most sensitive to negative factors of operation.