[Involvement of the trigeminal nerve system in the sense of smell]. / Uchastie sistemy troinichnogo nerva v obonyanii.

A systematic review of literature on the issue of involvement in the sense of smell, as well as the interaction between the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, was carried out. The article discusses the features of the chemical perception systems, as well as the treatment of olfactory disorders using transcranial electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve.

[Vertical nystagmus]. / Vertikal'nyi nistagm.

The review article provides a definition and classification of different nystagmus types, a comparative description of the central and peripheral vestibular nystagmus. The pathogenetic patterns of up-beating and down-beating nystagmus are accurately described. The features of nystagmus formation in various diseases are discussed, such as Wernicke encephalopathy, Arnold-Chiari anomaly, spinocerebellar ataxia and vestibular migraine. The authors provide their own data on oculomotor disorders in 100 patients with vestibular migraine and migraine with a brain stem aura. This article considers approaches to treatment: surgical and conservative. In conclusion, was noted the possibility of differentiating the central and peripheral vestibular nystagmus by means of clinical study. As well, the differences between vertical nystagmus associated with organic lesions of the brain stem or cerebellum and transient nystagmus with vestibular migraine are highlighted. The authors note the need for in-depth studies of nystagmus in vestibular migraine patients and methods of dealing with it.

[Comprehensive treatment of Costen syndrome]. / Kompleksnoe lechenie sindroma Kostena.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an integrated therapy for the combination of pain syndrome and cochleovestibular syndrome (CVS) in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five patients (42 women and 3 men), aged from 23 to 54 years, with TMJ dysfunction, signs of CVS and complaints of pain in the ear area were stratified into three groups (15 patients each). Patients received pharmacological and osteopathic therapy (group 1); splint therapy followed by orthodontic treatment (group 2) and a combination of the abovementioned methods (group 3). Re-examination was carried out 3 months after completion of treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, complaints of pain, tinnitus, dizziness and nystagmus, the degree of TMJ dysfunction decreased significantly (p<0,05) compared to baseline in groups 1 and 2. In group 3, the most significant and persistent results were obtained, which significantly differed not only from the initial level, but also from the final level of indicators in the first and second groups (p<0,05), including a decrease in the degree of maladaptation associated with vertigo and trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Differential diagnosis of CVS in patients with TMJ dysfunction requires the joint participation of dentist, neurologist and ENT doctor and should be comprehensive, including medical, orthodontic and osteopathic components.