Transient abnormal myelopoiesis in pediatrics with trisomy 21.

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis is common among Down syndrome patients. Although no therapeutic measures are required, close monitoring of comorbidities such as gastrointestinal bleeding is required. Long-term follow-up is promising for a healthy future and reduced requirement of unnecessary therapeutic measures including chemotherapy and remission of the pathology.

A 10-year prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Khorramabad (Urban Western Iran).

BACKGROUND: Congenital hypothyroidism in infants is the cause of mental retardation in children, it can be detected in patient and treated at a relatively cheap rate, preventing patient retard. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among Khorramabad children. METHODS: In the present study, we identified all patients who had received levothyroxine prescriptions during the study period (2007-2017). Using this as a congenital hypothyroidism surrogate marker, we considered the congenital hypothyroidism prevalence in children above 3 years. RESULTS: Of 574 patients who had received levothyroxine during the neonatal period up to 3 years, the results of one-variable logistic regression analysis showed that the chance of temporary disease in children with small thyroid ultrasonography was 62% less, than for those without problems, and this difference was significant. The chance of temporary disease in children who had other cases was 87% less than those without problems, and this difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in young patients up to 3 years is 0.143%, these values are at least twice those of previous estimates. This proposes an elevation in autoimmune thyroid disease, which is similitude to the rising prevalence of diabetes type 1, which possibly indicates a rising incidence of autoimmunity in youth.

Leukocytosis in patients with favism and association with blood transfusion.

INTRODUCTION: Leukocytosis is a condition marked by abnormal increase in leukocyte count due to an inflammatory response as a defense against most of the infections, or bone tumors; including leukemia. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of blood transfusion in leukocytosis patients with favism as compared to patients treated with antibiotics or combination of both. METHODS: A total of 97 patients with favism who were referred to the University hospital in 2016-2017 were studied. KEY FINDINGS: These patients experienced acute hemolysis following beans meal. These patients were either treated with blood transfusion, antibiotics or combination of both. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that blood transfusion is an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of leukocytosis. Antibiotics are not deemed necessary for the treatment and blood transfusion alone, can decrease leukocytes to the normal level.

Pentalogy of Cantrell in Full Term Neonate.

Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is an uncommon congenital disorder characterized by severe defects in the chest and abdomen, including abdominal visceral prolapsed via umbilical cord (omphalocele), defect in the lower part of the sternum, defect in the front of the diaphragm, defects in the anterior part of the pericardium, and the ectopiacordis. Here, we report a 2-hour-old girl, weighing 3,500 g, who was referred to Shahid Madani Hospital in Khorramabad due to the large omphalocele on her chest with pulsating mass above it. The baby was the first child of a 24-year-old mother who was born with an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Very rare cases of PC are born as a term new-born.

Mermaid Syndrome: A Case Report of a Rare Congenital Anomaly in Full-Term Neonate with Thumb Deformity.

The mermaid syndrome (sirenomelia) is an extremely rare anomaly, an incidence of 1 in 100,000 births, in which a newborn born with legs joined together featuring a mermaid-like appearance (head and trunk like humans and tail like fish), and in most cases die shortly after birth. Gastrointestinal and urogenital anomalies and single umbilical artery are clinical outcome of this syndrome. There are two important hypotheses for pathogenesis of mermaid syndrome: vitelline artery steal hypothesis and defective blastogenesis hypothesis. The cause of the mermaid syndrome is unknown, but there are some possible factors such as age younger than 20 years and older than 40 years in mother and exposure of fetus to teratogenics. Here, we introduced 19-year-old mother's first neonate with mermaid syndrome. The mother had gestational diabetes mellitus and neonate was born with single lower limb, ambiguous genitalia, and thumb anomalies, and 4 days after birth, the neonate died due to multiple anomalies and imperforated anus.