Cadosinopsis rehakovii sp. nov., a new calcareous dinocyst from the Jurassic-Cretaceous transitional interval of the Western Tethys.

Variegated limestones, a transitional series between red, Upper Jurassic radiolarite and whitish, Lower Cretaceous Maiolica limestone in the Pieniny Klippen Belt deposits in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians, have yielded rich microfossil assemblages with common calcareous dinoflagellate resting stages, hereafter, dinocysts. We found an undescribed dinocyst species in red-greenish limestone of a deep water, pelagic habitat in the Branisko succession of the Pieniny Klippen Basin and named it Cadosinopsis rehakovii sp. nov. The new species has a spherical to oval calcareous test ranging from 34 to 59 µm in length and 30 to 50 µm in width, with two layered wall. The inner layer is built of coarse-thick, plate-shaped calcite crystals and is white in transmitted light. The outer layer is built of fibrous crystals, vitreous (transparent) in transmitted light. The aperture is wide and seen only in the inner layer. We compared the detailed morphological characteristics of the new species with another species from the same genus in the Jurassic and Cretaceous Tethyan deposits. Specimens have been measured, grouped and interpreted using cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA). Among them, the new species shows a resemblance in cross-section to other species of Cadosinopsis, C. nowaki Borza, 1984, and C. andrusovi Scheibner 1967, previously described in literature. However, the two species are easily distinguishable by some features. Cadosinopsis. nowaki is bigger in size (length from 50 to76 µm and width from 43 to 67 µm), its inner layer is thicker and consists of vitreous-sparite calcite, and it has less centrically located chamber. C. andrusovi is much bigger in size as its length ranges from 68 to 108 µm and width ranges from 60 to 80 µm, and the cyst is more oval and its chamber less spherical. The new species is the third Cadosinopsis species described in the Tethyan realm and about two hundred and sixty-first fossil species (morphotype) described in the world so far.

Sepsis caused by Chromobacterium violaceum - probably the first case in Europe, or Macbeth read anew.

Rare diseases, almost by definition, present us with diagnostic as well as therapeutic difficulties as. They also include infectious diseases outside endemic areas. Without expecting them, we are not preparing to fight them. Like Macbeth, we feel safe, convinced that tropical diseases do not reach us, like Birnam forest towards his castle. Nevertheless, the forest moved according to the prophecy of the three witches, and in a similar way tropical flora is moving towards us according to the predictions of environmentalists. This is illustrated by the history of the presented patient, who was admitted to hospital because of sepsis caused by Chromobacterium violaceum (CV), a Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-positive bacterium producing a dark violet antioxidant pigment called violacein. This is probably the first documented case report of sepsis in this part of the world. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the patient is the first to require dialysis after Chromobacterium violaceum infection.

Study of photodegradation and photooxidation of p-arsanilic acid in water solutions at pH = 7: kinetics and by-products.

The paper presents the kinetics and proposed pathways photodegradation and photooxidation of p-arsanilic acid, in a neutral environment by ozone and hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that in a neutral environment, photoozonation process was characterized by the highest decomposition rate constant (k) (k = 31.8 × 10(-3) min(-1)). The rate constants decreased in the order UV/O3 > O3 > UV/H2O2 > H2O2 > UV. It was also found that under pH = 7, decomposition of p-arsanilic acid leads mainly to the formation of aniline, which undergoes secondary reactions. Intermediate products of oxidation and photooxidation by hydrogen peroxide like nitrobenzene, nitrophenol, azobenzenes, and phenylazophenol were identified depending on processes. However, in the photodegradation process, formation of nitrasone as a reaction product of p-arsanilic acid with oxygen in the singlet state was observed. In the case of ozonation and photoozonation, in addition, aniline formation of carboxylic acids was observed.

[Two siblings with an IL-12 and IFN-γ production disorder diagnosed with pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by M. kansasii. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infection: an overview of literature]. / I Oddzial Chorób Pluc Krakowskiego Szpitala Specjalistycznego im. Jana Pawla II Ordynator: dr n. med. P. Nalepa.

Two previously healthy siblings were diagnosed with pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by M. kansasii. During examination both patients were diagnosed with an interleukin 12 (IL-12) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) production disorder of the stimulated lymphocytes. The given genetic defect conditions the occurrence of the Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infection (MSMD). The patients fulfilled clinical, radiological, and bacteriological criteria for diagnosis of mycobacteriosis laid out by American Thoracic Society in 2007. After 13 months of standard treatment the ailments receded, and radiological remission, as well as a 12-month-lasting sputum negativity was achieved. The prognosis for the patients remains uncertain. The genetic conditioning to mycobacterial infections may cause disease recurrences or other mycobacterial illnesses. The patients will need to be checked systematically by pulmonologist. It is not known whether the offspring of the patients are exposed to general Baccillus Calmette-Guérin infection due to the compulsory vaccinations against tuberculosis, and whether the risk of complications is higher than the potential risk of coming down with hematogenous TB in childhood.