Type 1 Diabetes Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department Affects Laboratory Test Frequency but Not Treatment Timing.

Regular use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in type 1 diabetes management increases the achievement of glycemic targets and reduces health care utilization, specifically emergency department (ED) visits. This retrospective chart review examined the effects of CGM use in patients with type 1 diabetes in a pediatric ED. Use of CGM was associated with several differences in patient management in the ED. This work is a first step toward development of guidelines for the appropriate use of CGM in the pediatric ED. In the future, CGM use in type 1 diabetes may lead to reduced ED-specific health care costs.

Interpreting Musculoskeletal Models and Dynamic Simulations: Causes and Effects of Differences Between Models.

With more than 29,000 OpenSim users, several musculoskeletal models with varying levels of complexity are available to study human gait. However, how different model parameters affect estimated joint and muscle function between models is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of four OpenSim models (Gait2392, Lower Limb Model 2010, Full-Body OpenSim Model, and Full Body Model 2016) on gait mechanics and estimates of muscle forces and activations. Using OpenSim 3.1 and the same experimental data for all models, six young adults were scaled in each model, gait kinematics were reproduced, and static optimization estimated muscle function. Simulated measures differed between models by up to 6.5° knee range of motion, 0.012 Nm/Nm peak knee flexion moment, 0.49 peak rectus femoris activation, and 462 N peak rectus femoris force. Differences in coordinate system definitions between models altered joint kinematics, influencing joint moments. Muscle parameter and joint moment discrepancies altered muscle activations and forces. Additional model complexity yielded greater error between experimental and simulated measures; therefore, this study suggests Gait2392 is a sufficient model for studying walking in healthy young adults. Future research is needed to determine which model(s) is best for tasks with more complex motion.

Infants' ability to associate motion paths with object kinds.

The goal of the present research was to examine whether infants associate different paths of motion with animate beings and inanimate objects. An infant-controlled habituation procedure was used to examine 10-20-month-old infants' ability to associate a non-linear motion path (jumping) with animals and a linear (rebounding) motion path with vehicles (Experiment 1) and furniture (Experiment 2). During the habituation phase, infants saw a dog jumping over a barrier and either a vehicle or a piece of furniture rebounding off the barrier. In the test phase, infants looked longer when another inanimate object jumped rather than rebounded, but showed no such differential looking in the case of another animate object. The ability to restrict the animate motion path of jumping to animate beings was present by 10 months of age. The present findings support the hypothesis that motion path is associated with the animate-inanimate distinction early in infancy.