[Variability of human skull orbital characteristics].

The objective of the study was to compare intragroup and intergroup variations of orbital characteristics of the human skull. Specific patterns of intergroup variability of these signs allow for the conclusion of their taxonomic significance and suggest the existence of distinct anthropologic variants among modern mankind. The results of the study may be of interest for anatomists and have practical implications for anthropologic studies.

[Morphometric characteristics and typology of the human orbit].

The technique was developed and some new quantitative parameters were proposed to characterize the form and the size of the orbital chamber and an external contour of an orbit. The analysis performed allowed to reveal the main vectors in the intra- and intergroup variability in the typology of a human orbit structure. The basic vectors of the variability comprised the absolute, especially deep, sizes of an orbit, and also a configuration of an external contour of an orbit. Intergroup variability of the orbital parameters has also allowed to distinguish the types of the orbital structure, characteristic for mongoloid and caucasoid anthropological variants of the modern mankind. The average value of the distance from nasion point to the line between supraorbitale points was equal to 10.0 and 8.0 mm in mongoloids and caucasoids, respectively. The orbits in mongoloid people were shown to be larger in all the absolute dimensions, including height, width and depth.

[Informative value of craniometric data for ethno-racial studies].

Skull measurements differ in terms of discriminative and taxonomic value. Facial signs carry much more taxonomic information than neurocranial structures. Differences in the informative value of selected craniological complexes provide a rationale for differential approach to the interpretation of the results of ethno-racial studies.

[Ratio of the phenotype frequencies of ABO blood groups in Nivkhi in various age groups]. / Sootnoshenie chastot fenotipov grupp krovi ABO u nivkhov raznykh vozrastnykh grupp.

The different degree of the select stress over the blood groups ABO is expressed by the change of their ratio in the eldest generations and by the differential fertility. These two factors support constant ratio of the phenotypes in the total population of nivkhes of the Lower Amur and Sakhalin.