[Changes in the Spectral Characteristics of EEG during Neurofeedback Training].

We used the ratio of spectral characteristics of the EEG alpha and beta frequencies recorded in 10 apparently healthy subjects (university students) to control a computer cursor in the graphic interface in three scenarios with the use of neurofeedback. Our results showed that the scenario which uses the power of alpha- and beta-2-frequencies provided the highest accuracy and the best speed control. The parameters of beta-1-frequency were found to be less effective since an increase or a decrease of their power could result from an increase or a decrease of the power of alpha- and beta-2-frequencies. However, the subjects got the skill of cursor control with efficiency of 81%, gradually growing during learning, after a relatively short period of time (5 trainings per 2 weeks).

[EEG-correlates of pilots' functional condition in simulated flight dynamics].

The spectral characteristics of the EEG recorded on two professional pilots in the simulator TU-154 aircraft in flight dynamics, including takeoff, landing and horizontal flight (in particular during difficult conditions) were analyzed. EEG recording was made with frequency band 0.1-70 Hz continuously from 15 electrodes. The EEG recordings were evaluated using analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. Statistical significant of the identified differences and the influence of the main factors and their interactions were evaluated using Greenhouse - Gaiser corrections. It was shown that the spectral characteristics of the EEG are highly informative features of the state of the pilots, reflecting the different flight phases. High validity ofthe differences including individual characteristic, indicates their non-random nature and the possibility of constructing a system of pilots' state control during all phases of flight, based on EEG features.

[Electrographic Correlations of Inner Speech].

On the purpose to detect in EEG specific patterns associated with any verbal performance the gamma activity were investigated. The technique which allows the subject to initiate the mental pronunciation of words and phrases (inner speech) was created. Wavelet analysis of EEG has been experimentally demonstrated that the preparation and implementation stages are related to the specific spatio-temporal patterns in frequency range 64-68 Hz. Sustainable reproduction and efficient identification of such patterns can solve the fundamentally problem of alphabet control commands formation for Brain Computer Interface and Brain to Braine Interface systems.

[EEG spectral characteristics in the dynamics of planned movements].

The spectral characteristics of the EEG in 11 healthy right-handed volunteers with no neurological disorders in dynamics of the unusual finger movements of both hands in random rhythm have been investigated. In particular, it is shown that the preparation and execution of voluntary finger movements compared to the rest were accompanied by a reduction level of activation within almost all the surface of cerebral cortex, except for right frontal lobe. It has been experimentally demonstrated that a significant increasing EEG activity of the right frontal area in high-frequency domain power spectrum was independent of the working limb. This might testify the direct participation of this cortical area in the processes of voluntary muscular activity planning, initiation and control.

[Electrographic correlates of real and imaginary movements: spectral analysis].

The research carried out with eight virtually healthy volunteers showed that movements were associated with the increased level of activation, primarily, in the central areas of the brain cortex, which was expressed in a reduction of the spectral power of alpha end beta frequencies and increase in the power of the gamma oscillations more expressed in the parietooccipital derivations of the left hemisphere. Mental reproduction of similar movements was accompanied by additional activation in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipitals regions and more pronounced increase in the power of the gamma oscillations. A number of electrographic phenomena associated with specific features of the movements were revealed.

[The impact of electrical stimulation on the functional status of cochlear nervous structures in cats with experimentally induced hearing disorders]. / Vliianie élektricheskoi stimuliatsii na funktsional'noe sostoianie nervnykh struktur ulitki koshki pri iskusstvennoi patologii slukha.

Effects of non-invasive electric stimulation on hearing were studied in cats with depressed periphery of the acoustic analyser. Experimental neurosensory hypoacusis was induced by large doses of canamycin (25-30 mg/kg). The hearing was assessed by short-latent stem and cortical long-latent evoked potentials (EP). Consideration was also given to changes in the amplitude of the wave V of short-latent EP in varying intensity of the sound stimulus. When deep suppression was reached, 8-day course of electric stimulation was started with registration of EP. It was found that canamycin elevates thresholds of identification of wave V of short-latent stem EP and thresholds of emergence of long-latent stem EP. The curve amplitude/intensity was also affected. The course of electrical stimulation returned the above parameters of the thresholds and the curve to the baseline levels. This is the evidence of therapeutic action of non-invasive electrical stimulation.

[The use of short-latency auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas]. / Ispol'zovanie korotkolatentnykh slukhovykh vyzvannykh potentsialov v diagnostike nevrinom slukhovogo nerva.

The short-latent acoustic evoked potentials in patients with unilateral neurosensory hypoacusis due to the tumor of the acoustic nerve or other etiology were recorded. It was found that the patients had no potential in the diseased area in monaural sound stimulation, but binaural sound stimulation enabled these potentials to be recorded. With this, the short-latent acoustic evoked potentials in patients with verified neurinoma showed a reduction in the third wave to the point of its disappearance. Those in patients whose neurosensory hypoacusis were unassociated with the development of neoplasms in the area of the acoustic nerve involve the third wave whose magnitude did not differ from that recorded in the examinees with otologically normal hearing. The authors propose to measure the third wave of the short-latent acoustic evoked potential recorded in binaural sound stimulation as a possible screening of persons at a high risk for neurinoma among patients with unilateral neurosensory hypoacusis.