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1.
J Adolesc Health ; 40(2): 182-4, 2007 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17259063

RESUMO

The seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection in youth aged 12-24 years attending a Bronx community hospital was studied by blinded testing of unused sera. A crude prevalence of 0.98% (95% CI 0.08-1.88%) was observed, higher than rates in United States national HIV surveys, underscoring the need for enhanced screening and preventive services.


Assuntos
Soroprevalência de HIV , HIV-1 , Adolescente , Adulto , Western Blotting , Criança , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Hospitais Comunitários , Humanos , Masculino , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População Urbana
2.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 48(1): 183-91, 2004 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14693538

RESUMO

Emtricitabine (FTC; Emtriva), a potent deoxycytidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In adults, FTC has demonstrated linear kinetics over a wide dose range, and FTC 200 mg once a day (QD) is the recommended therapeutic dose. A phase I open-label trial was conducted in children to identify an FTC dosing regimen that would provide comparable plasma exposure to that observed in adults at 200 mg QD. Two single oral doses of FTC (60 and 120 mg/m(2), up to a maximum of 200 mg, in solutions) were evaluated in HIV-infected children aged <18 years old. Children >/=6 years old also received a third dose of approximately 120 mg/m(2) in capsules. A total of 25 children (two <2 years old, eight 2 to 5 years old, eight 6 to 12 years old, and seven 13 to 17 years old) received at least two doses of FTC. Single escalating oral doses of FTC were well tolerated and produced dose-proportional plasma drug concentrations in children. The FTC pharmacokinetics was comparable between adults and children 22 months to 17 years of age. The capsule formulation provided approximately 20% higher plasma FTC exposure than the solution formulation. Using plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) data at the 120-mg/m(2) dose, it is projected (based on dose proportionality) that a 6-mg/kg dose (up to a maximum of 200 mg) of FTC would produce plasma AUCs in children comparable to those in adults given a 200-mg dose (i.e., median of approximately 10 h. micro g/ml). This pediatric FTC dose is being evaluated in long-term phase II therapeutic trials in HIV-infected children.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacocinética , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/efeitos adversos , Desoxicitidina/farmacocinética , Infecções por HIV/metabolismo , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacocinética , Adolescente , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Área Sob a Curva , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Cápsulas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Emtricitabina , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Soluções Farmacêuticas
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