The effect of COVID-19 fear level on nursing students' attitudes towards E-learning.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the educational, social, and psychological lives of children and young people. Many countries have transitioned to online education because of the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the levels of fear of nursing students about COVID-19 and their attitudes towards e-learning. This study was designed as a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The data were collected using the COVID-19 Phobia Scale and the Attitude Scale Towards E-learning. This research was conducted with nursing students (n = 301) who received online education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The students' mean COVID-19 Phobia Scale score was 49.26 ± 15.88; the mean Attitude Scale Towards E-learning score was 59.46 ± 17.00, and a significantly positive relationship was found between the participants' scores on both scales (r = 0.122; p < 0.034). The COVID-19 pandemic has caused students to experience psychological and social problems. It is essential to have sufficient infrastructure to effectively maintain online education.

The Effects of Designing an Educational Animation Movie in Virtual Reality on Preoperative Fear and Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of watching an educational animated movie on fear and pain in children aged 6 to 12 years old. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. METHODS: In this study, the CONSORT checklist was used as a guide. The sample of participants (n = 132) was allocated to the Educational Animation Group (n = 44), Documentary Group (n = 44), and Control Group (n = 44) using block randomization. During the data collection, an information form, the Children's Fear Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale were used. FINDINGS: Preoperative fear and postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the Educational Animation group than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The educational animated movie was found to be an effective method in reducing preoperative fear and postoperative pain. Educational animated movies, which were effective in reducing the fear and pain of the child in the preparatory operations, increased the educational effectiveness and cooperation of the child.

The effects of auditory interventions on pain and comfort in premature newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit; a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of three auditory interventions; white noise, recorded mother's voice, and MiniMuffs, applied during a heel lance on pain and comfort in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care units. DESIGN AND METHODS: This experimental, parallel, randomised controlled research was conducted in a state hospital tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit. The sample comprised sixty-four premature infants with gestational ages of 31-36 weeks. The infants were randomly assigned to four groups: i) white noise, ii) recorded mother's voice, iii) MiniMuffs, and iv) control. Pain and comfort of newborns were evaluated according to the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and the COMFORTneo scale. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, and crying time were also measured. RESULTS: The mean of oxygen saturation levels in the white noise, recorded mother's voice, and MiniMuffs group were higher than the control group. The heart rate, crying time, mean NIPS score, COMFORTneo score of the premature neonates in the white noise, recorded mother's voice, and MiniMuffs groups were significantly lower than the control group (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Auditory interventions used during heel lance reduce the pain and increase the comfort of the premature infants. White noise is extremely effective in preventing infants's pain.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Methods of Decreasing Pain During Phlebotomy in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the applications of external cold and vibration and blowing soap bubbles during phlebotomy in children aged between 3 and 6 years. DESIGN: This study is a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The sample was obtained using block randomization. Children were divided into three groups: "external cold and vibration group," "blowing soap bubbles group," and "control group." Children, their parents, the nurse, and the researcher rated the children's pain during phlebotomy. FINDINGS: A statistically significant difference between groups was found on pain scores. Pain scores were lower in the groups of external cold and vibration, and blowing soap bubbles than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The methods of external cold and vibration and blowing soap bubbles had a pain relieving effect in children aged between 3 and 6 years during phlebotomy.

Cultural adaptation of the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool in Turkish children with cancer.

PURPOSE: Pain is very common among pediatric cancers. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT). METHODS: In this methodological study, language validity and content validity of the words in the third section of the scale, which was administered to children with cancer, were tested using the Q-sort method. The APPT was used to measure test-retest reliability once for each of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of the chemotherapy protocols for 30 children. A reliability test was conducted using the APPT for 96 children with cancer. RESULTS: The number of words included in the third section of the APPT was reduced to 56 following the completion of the language and content validity using the Q-sort method. In the test-retest method, results from the three measures taken showed that the intra-class correlation coefficient was good. The internal consistency of the scale was also good (α = .78) in terms of the total number of body areas marked on body outline diagram, pain severity, pain intensity ratings, total number of word descriptors, and total number of sensory, affective, evaluative and temporal word descriptors. Correlations were found between the total number of body areas marked on the body outline diagram and the total number of word descriptors (r = .53), the pain severity and pain intensity ratings (r = .95), and the total number of word descriptors (r = .38). CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the APPT was determined to be valid, reliable and easy to use for pediatric cancer patients.

Knowledge, Behaviors, and Attitudes About Human Papilloma Virus Among Nursing Students in Izmir, Turkey.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is transmitted through sexual contact and can cause cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes about human papillomavirus (HPV) in nursing students in a baccalaureate program. This study was conducted with a sample of 624 students. Data were collected via questionnaires administered during the first class time. Students' knowledge about HPV was high; 90.5% knew HPV can cause cervical cancer; 94.6% recognized it as a sexually transmitted disease. Although; 87.7% stated a vaccine is available to protect women from HPV, nearly all participants (98.1%) had not received HPV vaccination. Findings show students' level of knowledge about HPV's risk factors and modes of transmission were high. However, this knowledge did not translate into engagement in health related behaviors such as being vaccinated against HPV.

Development and validation of the taste alteration scale for children receiving chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Taste alteration is one of the most common and frequently ignored side effects of chemotherapy. AIMS: Our aim was to develop the Taste Alteration Scale for Children with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy (TAS-CrC). METHODS: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional type. The study was conducted between May and September 2016 at the child haematology clinics and outpatient clinics of six hospitals. A total of 165 children with cancer who were followed in the clinics and outpatient clinics of the mentioned hospitals between May and September 2016 and received chemotherapy constituted the population of the study. Our sample comprised 95 children with cancer who were followed in the clinic and outpatient clinic between the dates specified and met the study criteria. RESULTS: It is observed that the correlation values of the item analysis of the TAS-CrC vary between 0.49 and 0.86. One sub-dimension of the scale was determined by explanatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was determined to be 0.88. It was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the test-retest (first and second application) of the scale (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: According to the data obtained from the study, it was determined that the TAS-CrC was a valid and reliable scale.

Investigation of the effects of planned mouth care education on the degree of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology patients.

This study was designed as a longitudinal study with the purpose of investigating the effects of providing mouth care education to pediatric oncology patients on the degree of oral mucositis. The study sample included 16 children aged 8 to 18 years who were hospitalized in the pediatric oncology and hematology clinics at a university hospital. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the degree of mucositis before and after the education given to children undergoing chemotherapy (P < .05). The median pain values were significantly different before and after the education (P < .05) as well. It was also found that there was a strong positive statistically significant correlation between the degree of mucositis and mean pain score both before and after the education (P < .001). Consequently, it is reported that both the degree of mucositis and pain levels decreased when children were given planned mouth care education before chemotherapy and when they regularly performed mouth care.