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1.
Aten Primaria ; 50 Suppl 2: 4-12, 2018 11.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30563625

RESUMO

This paper presents some concepts about overdiagnosis and its consequences: overtreatment and the medicalization of the society. It recalls the origin of the term, that comes from the screening and diagnosis of cancer, and it reviews the strategies to overdiagnose. Furthermore, it analyses the conversion of illnesses diagnostic thresholds as well as the transformation of normal and vital processes and risk factors in illnesses. It shows some strategies to confront overdiagnosis at the time of medical consultation, including the management of uncertainty and the shared decision making through the right interpretation of the diagnosis results and treatment estimators. Finally, it shows the minimally disruptive medicine as the best strategy to face the disease burden induced by the overtreatment in patients suffering from multimorbidity.


Assuntos
Uso Excessivo dos Serviços de Saúde/prevenção & controle , Medicalização , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Terminologia como Assunto
2.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 50(supl.2): 4-12, nov. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-179652

RESUMO

En este artículo se presentan algunos conceptos acerca del sobrediagnóstico y sus consecuencias: sobretratamiento y medicalización de la sociedad. Se recuerda el origen del término a partir del cribado y diagnóstico del cáncer y se revisan las estrategias para "sobrediagnosticar", como la modificación de los umbrales diagnósticos de las enfermedades y la conversión de procesos vitales normales, así como los factores de riesgo, en enfermedad. Se exponen algunas estrategias para afrontar el sobrediagnóstico "desde la consulta", como son el manejo de la incertidumbre y la toma compartida de decisiones a través de la correcta interpretación de los estimadores de resultado de diagnóstico y de tratamiento. Finalmente, se presenta la medicina mínimamente disruptiva como la mejor estrategia para afrontar la carga de enfermedad a la que conduce el sobretratamiento en los pacientes con multimorbilidad


This paper presents some concepts about overdiagnosis and its consequences: overtreatment and the medicalization of the society. It recalls the origin of the term, that comes from the screening and diagnosis of cancer, and it reviews the strategies to overdiagnose. Furthermore, it analyses the conversion of illnesses diagnostic thresholds as well as the transformation of normal and vital processes and risk factors in illnesses. It shows some strategies to confront overdiagnosis at the time of medical consultation, including the management of uncertainty and the shared decision making through the right interpretation of the diagnosis results and treatment estimators. Finally, it shows the minimally disruptive medicine as the best strategy to face the disease burden induced by the overtreatment in patients suffering from multimorbidity


Assuntos
Humanos , Uso Excessivo dos Serviços de Saúde , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Padrões de Prática Médica , Medição de Risco
3.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 88(1): 113-33, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24728395

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Weaknesses in the collaboration between Primary Care (PC) and Mental Health (MH) are a relevant problem in the care of depressed patients. It is necessary to analyse and appraise the existing models of collaboration to assess their applicability to the Spanish Health System. The aim of this study is to know the main characteristics of the different models of collaboration between PC and MH in the care of patients with depression and the quality of their effectiveness evidence. METHODS: Systematic overview of secondary studies published from 2001 to 2010 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, LILACS, IBECS, IME and The Cochrane Library. Assessment of reviews applying the AMSTAR tool. Approximative synthesis of the quality of evidences. RESULTS: A total of 69 studies were assessed. Quality of evidences is generally low or inconclusive due to the great variability among contexts and the methodological weaknesses. The most effective strategies integrate interventions for assigning responsibility for patient follow-up, redesigning management and communication/information sharing. Overviews of secondary studies on collaborative models facilitate access to published evidence, but entail important methodological challenges. CONCLUSION: The quality of evidences on effectiveness of PC-MH collaboration models in depression care is mainly low or inconclusive, and the more simplified are the analysis of components, processes and implementation conditions, the less meaningful and applicable they are.


Assuntos
Depressão/terapia , Relações Interprofissionais , Saúde Mental , Modelos Teóricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Comportamento Cooperativo , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Espanha
4.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 88(1): 113-133, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-121240

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Las carencias en la colaboración entre Atención Primaria (AP) y Salud Mental (SM) constituyen un problema relevante en la atención a los pacientes con depresión. Resulta necesario analizar y evaluar los modelos de colaboración existentes para valorar su aplicabilidad en el sistema de salud español. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las principales características de los distintos modelos de colaboración AP-SM en la atención a los pacientes diagnosticados de depresión y la calidad de la evidencia científica acerca de su efectividad. Métodos: Meta-revisión sistemática de los estudios secundarios publicados entre 2001 y 2010 en MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, LILACS, IBECS, IME y la Biblioteca Cochrane. Las revisiones se evaluaron mediante la herramienta AMSTAR. Se realizó una síntesis aproximativa de la calidad de las evidencias encontradas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 69 estudios. La variabilidad según contextos y las carencias metodológicas condicionan que la calidad de las evidencias sea en general baja o dudosa. Las estrategias más efectivas integran intervenciones de responsabilización en el seguimiento de los pacientes, rediseños en la gestión, e información y comunicación compartidas. Las meta-revisiones de estudios secundarios sobre modelos colaborativos favorecen la accesibilidad a las evidencias publicadas, pero conllevan importantes retos metodológicos. Conclusiones: La calidad de la evidencia sobre la efectividad de los modelos de colaboración AP-SM durante la atención sanitaria a las personas con depresión es predominantemente baja o dudosa y su significado y aplicabilidad son menores cuanto más se simplifica el análisis de sus componentes, procesos y circunstancias de implementación (AU)


Background: Weaknesses in the collaboration between Primary Care (PC) and Mental Health (MH) are a relevant problem in the care of depressed patients. It is necessary to analyse and appraise the existing models of collaboration to assess their applicability to the Spanish Health System. The aim of this study is to know the main characteristics of the different models of collaboration between PC and MH in the care of patients with depression and the quality of their effectiveness evidence. Methods: Systematic overview of secondary studies published from 2001 to 2010 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, LILACS, IBECS, IME and The Cochrane Library. Assessment of reviews applying the AMSTAR tool. Approximative synthesis of the quality of evidences. Results: A total of 69 studies were assessed. Quality of evidences is generally low or inconclusive due to the great variability among contexts and the methodological weaknesses. The most effective strategies integrate interventions for assigning responsibility for patient follow-up, redesigning management and communication/information sharing. Overviews of secondary studies on collaborative models facilitate access to published evidence, but entail important methodological challenges. Conclusion: The quality of evidences on effectiveness of PC-MH collaboration models in depression care is mainly low or inconclusive, and the more simplified are the analysis of components, processes and implementation conditions, the less meaningful and applicable they are (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Mental/normas , Planejamento de Instituições de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Planejamento de Instituições de Saúde , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Atenção à Saúde , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Index enferm ; 22(1/2): 35-39, ene.-jun. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-114991

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer las vivencias y perspectivas de psicólogos (P), trabajadores sociales (TS) y personal de enfermería (DUE) acerca de su papel en la atención al paciente con depresión. Método: Investigación cualitativa con diseño exploratorio y generación de información mediante dos grupos de discusión. Análisis temático y comparación de los hallazgos con un estudio previo con médicos de familia y psiquiatras. Triangulación entre investigadores. Resultados: El desconocimiento recíproco, la falta de coordinación, la borrosidad del diagnóstico y el riesgo de psiquiatrización aparecen como vivencias compartidas. Se subraya la importancia de lo biopsicosocial y se reivindican los roles propios. Se plantea la confusión existente en cuanto al papel de la psicoterapia y su llamativa carencia en los servicios de salud. Conclusiones: Los distintos profesionales que intervienen en el tratamiento de las personas con depresión presentan visiones particulares que es importante identificar y discutir para conseguir una atención integrada y orientada al paciente (AU)


Objectives: To know experiences and perspectives of psychologists, social workers and nurses about their role in the care of depressed patients. Method: Qualitative research with exploratory design and generation of information by means of two discussion groups. Recordings obtained after confidentiality agreement. Thematic analyses and comparison with the findings obtained in a previous study with family physicians and psychiatrists. Triangulation among researchers. Results: The main shared experiences are reciprocal lack of awareness, lack of coordination, fuzziness of the diagnosis, and risk of pathologizing problems of daily living. The non-medical professionals highlight the importance of biopsychosocial factors, while at the same time stressing the need for their own role. There is evidence of confusion regarding the role of psychotherapy and its remarkable absence in health centers. Conclusions: The different professionals that participate in the treatment of people with depression have specific visions that need to be identified and discussed in order to reach an integrated level of care. The collaboration must focus on the patient and engage the different professionals throughout the long care process (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Papel Profissional , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Técnicas Psicológicas , Serviço Social/métodos
6.
Vitoria-Gasteiz; s.n; 2013.
Não convencional em Espanhol | BIGG - guias GRADE | ID: biblio-964107

RESUMO

El objetivo de esta GPC es proporcionar a los profesionales sanitarios encargados de la asistencia a pacientes diabéticos una herramienta que les permita tomar las mejores decisiones sobre los problemas que plantea su atención. En esta GPC se abordan aspectos sobre el cribado y diagnóstico, intervenciones eficaces para prevenir o retrasar la diabetes en pacientes con glucemia basal alterada o intolerancia (dieta, ejercicio, tratamiento farmacológico), tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico. Manejo de las complicaciones macro y microvasculares. Evaluación, prevención y tratamiento del pie diabético. Educación sanitaria y autoanálisis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento/métodos , Índice Glicêmico , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/análogos & derivados , Transportador 2 de Glucose-Sódio/antagonistas & inibidores , Dieta Saudável/métodos , Insulina/uso terapêutico
9.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 12(5): 224-229, nov. 2002. tab, ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16191

RESUMO

Cada vez existe más información accesible relacionada con nuestra profesión. Muchas veces resulta difícil seleccionar y sintetizar toda esa información disponible. Las revisiones sistemáticas constituyen una herramienta clave que nos permitirá conocer de forma rápida la información más relevante sobre un determinado tema. Este artículo pretende explicar en qué consiste una buena revisión sistemática a través de un caso práctico (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco
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