Validation of the Spanish version of multidimensional inventory of perfectionism in young footballers / Validación de la versión española del inventario multidimensional de perfeccionismo en jóvenes futbolistas / Validação da versão em espanhol do inventário multidimensional do perfeccionismo em jovens futebolistas

The Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport (MIPS) is one sport specific measure of perfectionism developed on the basis of a combination of different multidimensional models. This study assesses the psychometrics of the MIPS in a Spanish sample of young footballers. Participants were 429 Spanish football players with ages ranging from 9 to 13 years. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a two-dimensional model obtained adequate fit indices and Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed acceptablelevels of internal reliability. The criterion and convergent validity of the Spanish MIPS analysed in young footballers was also confirmed via its association with measures of sport anxiety, contingent self-worth and additional perfectionism dimensions. The results of this study suggest that the Spanish version of the MIPS to be used with young footballers is a well-adapted and adequate, reliable and valid sport specific instrument

El Inventario Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo en Deporte (MIPS) es una medida deportiva específica del perfeccionismo desarrollado a partir de una combinación de diferentes modelos multidimensionales. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del MIPS en una muestra española de jóvenes futbolistas. Participaron 429 futbolistas españoles con edades comprendidas entre 9 y 13 años. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que un modelo bidimensional obtenía adecuados índices de ajuste y los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach mostraron niveles de fiabilidad interna aceptables. La validez criterial y convergente del MIPS español estudiada con adolescentes futbolistas ha sido confirmada analizando su asociación con medidas de ansiedad competitiva, autoestima contingente y con otras dimensiones de perfeccionismo. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la versión española del MIPS validada para aplicarse a jóvenes futbolistas es un instrumento específico y adecuado para deporte, bien adaptado, fiable y válido

O Inventário Multidimensional do Perfeccionismo no Esporte (MIPS) é uma medida esportiva específica do perfeccionismo desenvolvida a partir de uma combinação de diferentes modelos multidimensionais. Este estudo analisa as propriedades psicométricas do MIPS em uma amostra espanhola de jovens jogadores de futebol. Participaram 429 jogadores de futebol espanhol, com idades entre 9 e 13 anos. A análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou queum modelo bidimensional obteve taxas de ajuste adequadas e os coeficientes alfa de Cronbach mostraram níveis aceitáveis de confiabilidade interna. A validade de critério e convergente dos MIPS espanhóis estudados com jogadores de futebol juvenil foi confirmada pela análise de sua associação com medidas de ansiedade competitiva, autoestima contingente e outras dimensões do perfeccionismo. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a versão em espanhol do MIPS validada para aplicação em jovens jogadores de futebol é um instrumento específico e adequado ao esporte, bem adaptado, confiável e válido

Efecto de intervenciones de psicología positiva y ejercicio físico en el bienestar y malestar psicológico de estudiantes universitarios / Effect of positive psychology interventions and physical exercise on the well-being and psychological distress of university students

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de intervenciones de Psicología positiva y de ejercicio físico sobre indicadores de bienestar y malestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios costarricenses. Se realizó una investigación cuasiexperimental, de diseño factorial (4 x 2) con mediciones pre y post, en el que 233 estudiantes universitarios (18.97 ± 2.18 años, 135 mujeres, 98 hombres) se vieron expuestos a una de cuatro diferentes condiciones: intervenciones de psicología positiva (PP), intervenciones de ejercicio físico (E), intervenciones combinadas de PP y E y control (C). Se midieron indicadores de bienestar y malestar psicológico. Las intervenciones de Psicología positiva mejoraron el indicador de malestar psicológico "emociones negativas" (p = .022), pero no impactaron significativamente los indicadores de bienestar psicológico (p > .05). La combinación las intervenciones de PP y E generó los mismos efectos que cuando únicamente se utilizan las estrategias derivadas de la psicología positiva, esto es, se presentó una reducción significativa en el indicador "emociones negativas" (p = .028). Dicho efecto puede contribuir a la mejora de la vivencia de la vida universitaria y proteger a los estudiantes de los riesgos asociados con experiencias de malestar psicológico en diversas esferas de su vida. Las intervenciones de ejercicio por sí mismas no modificaron de manera significativa los indicadores de bienestar ni malestar psicológico (p > .05).

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of positive psychology and exercise interventions on psychological well-being and ill-being indicators in Costa Rican college students. This study had a quasi-experimental factorial (4 x 2) design, 233 college students (18.97 ± 2.18 years, 135 females, 98 males) were assigned to one of four different conditions: positive psychological interventions (PP), exercise interventions (E), combined (PP + E) interventions, and control group (C). Psychological well-being and ill-being indicators were measured pre and post interventions. Positive psychological interventions improved the "negative emotions" indicator (p = .022); but did not have a significant impact on well-being indicators (p > .05). The combination of PP and E interventions produced the same effects as PP alone; a decrease in "negative emotions" was observed (p = .028). This effect might contribute to improve the experience of university life for higher education students and protect them from the risks associated with psychological ill-being. Exercise interventions alone did not change either the psychological well-being or ill-being indicators (p > .05).

Versión española del Sistema de Observación del Clima Motivacional Multidimensional (MMCOS): fiabilidad y evidencias de validez / Spanish versión of the Multidimensional Motivational Climate Observation System (MMCOS): reliability and validity evidences / Versão espanhola do Sistema de Observação do Clima Motivacional Multidimensional (MMCOS): confiabilidade e evidências de validade

En el presente trabajo se explora la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión española del Sistema de Observación del Clima Motivacional Multidimensional (MMCOS), un instrumento basado en metodología observacional para evaluar el clima motivacional creado por los entrenadores deportivos desde el modelo propuesto por Joan L. Duda en el 2013, el cual integra la Teoría de las Metas de Logro y la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes análisis para conocer la fiabilidad interobservador, las características de los datos obtenidos, la estructura factorial del instrumento y el potencial predictivo del MMCOS sobre la intención de los jugadores de abandonar la siguiente temporada. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 36 entrenadores varones de fútbol base, cada uno de los cuales fueron filmados durante un entrenamiento y evaluados a través del MMCOS, y 293 futbolistas varones de las categorías alevín e infantil que completaron un cuestionario para evaluar su intención de abandono. Los resultados, que en términos generales indicaron fiabilidad satisfactoria y ofrecieron evidencias de validez, se discuten en torno a las características del instrumento de observación

This article explores the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Motivational Climate Observation System (MMCOS), an instrument based on observational methodology in order to assess the coach-created motivational environment in sport from conceptualization proposed by Duda in 2013, which integrates the Achievement Goal Theory and the Self-Determination Theory. The study examines the interobserver reliability, the general characteristics of the data obtained by the instrument, the factorial structure of the MMCOS and the predictive validity of the observational system in relation to athletes’ reported intentions to drop-out. Thirty-six male grassroots coaches were filmed during a training session and assessed by MMCOS and two hundred and ninety-three players completed a questionnaire that evaluated their intentions to drop-out in the next soccer season. Overall, the results, which indicated satisfactory reliability and provided validity evidences, are discussed around the characteristics of the MMCOS

No presente trabalho explora-se a confiabilidade e a validade da versão espanhola do Sistema de Observação do Clima Motivacional Multidimensional (MMCOS), instrumento baseado na metodologia observacional para avaliar o clima motivacional criado pelos treinadores esportivos, desde o modelo proposto por Joan L. Duda no 2013, o qual integra a Teoria das Metas de Realização e a Teoria da Autodeterminação. Foram realizadas diferentes análises para conhecer a confiabilidades inter-observador, as características dos dados obtidos, a estructura fatorial do instrumento e o potencial preditivo do MMCOS sobre a intenção dos jogadores em abandonarem a seguinte temporada. A mostra foi composta por 36 treinadores homens de categorías de base do futebol, que foram filmados individualmente durante um treinamento e avaliados por meio do instrumento MMCOS, e por 293 futebolistas homens das categorias juvenil e infantil que preencheram um questioário para avaliar sua intenção de abandono do esporte. Os resultados gerais indicaram confiabilidade satisfatória e oferecera, evidências de validades, qeu se discuten em torno das características do instrumento de observação

Relación del clima empowering con la motivación autodeterminada a través de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas / Relationship of empowering climate and self-determined motivation through the satisfaction of basic psychological needs

Desde el marco conceptual de la AGT (Ames, 1992; Nicholls, 1989), la SDT (Ryan y Deci, 2017) y del modelo de clima motivacional de Duda (2013), el objetivo del estudio fue poner a prueba dos modelos siguiendo la secuencia: Percepción del Clima Empowering creado por el entrenador, satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (BPNS) y motivación autodeterminada. En ambos se estudia el papel mediador de la BPNS (competencia, autonomía y relación), como variable compuesta en el primer modelo (M1), y como dimensiones separadas en el segundo (M2). 240 jóvenes jugadores de fútbol base (Medad = 12.41; DT = .1.66) completaron cuestionarios con las variables de interés. Los resultados mostraron que en el M1 el clima empowering favorece la motivación autodeterminada a través de la BPNS, mientras que en el M2 el clima empowering fue predictor positivo de la motivación autodeterminada a través de la satisfacción de la necesidad de autonomía (AU)

From the framework of the AGT (Ames, 1992; Nicholls, 1989), the SDT (Ryan and Deci, 2017) and Duda's (2013) motivational climate model, the aim of the study was to test two models throught the sequence: Perception of the coach created empowering climate, satisfaction of the basic psychological needs (BPNS) and self-determined motivation. In both, we tested the mediational role of the BPNS (competence, autonomy and relationship), as a composite variable in the first model (M1), and as separated dimensions in the second (M2). 240 young soccer players (Mage = 12.41; SD = .1.66), completed the questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Results showed that in M1 empowering climate was a positive predictor of self-determined motivation through the BPNS, while in M2 empowering climate was a positive predictor of self-determined motivation only through the satisfaction of the need for autonomy (AU)

Factorial invariance of the satisfaction with life scale in adolescent from Spain and Portugal / Invarianza factorial de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adolescentes de España y Portugal

BACKGROUND: The Satisfaction with Life Scale is one of the most widely used scales to measure the global cognitive judgment of satisfaction with one's life. METHOD: This study assesses the equivalence of the SWLS across Spanish and Portuguese adolescents, using multi-sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Participants were Spanish (N = 2183) and Portuguese (N = 4082) junior high school. RESULTS: The results provide high support for the internal consistency of both the Spanish and Portuguese versions of this scale. The results also showed that factor structure, factor loadings, could be considered invariant across groups. However, the full scalar invariance between Spanish and Portuguese samples was not found, with the intercept for SWLS item 5 varying across countries. CONCLUSIONS: Similar findings have also been found in other cross-national studies with this scale. Implications of the findings are discussed and we conclude that the Spanish and Portuguese versions of the SWLS can be used for cross-national comparisons with Spanish and Portuguese adolescents

ANTECEDENTES: la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida es una de las escalas más utilizadas para medir el juicio cognitivo global sobre la propia satisfacción con la vida. MÉTODO: este estudio evalúa la equivalencia de la SWLS en adolescentes españoles y portugueses con Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio multi-muestra. Los participantes fueron alumnado español (N = 2.183) y portugués (N = 4.082) de Educación Secundaria. RESULTADOS: los resultados proporcionan un elevado apoyo a la consistencia interna de las versiones en español y portugués de esta escala. Los resultados también mostraron que la estructura factorial y pesos factoriales podría considerarse invariable entre los grupos. Sin embargo, no se obtuvo la invariancia escalar completa entre las muestras de España y Portugal, con el intercepto para el ítem 5 variando entre los países. CONCLUSIONES: otros estudios internacionales con esta escala han encontrado resultados similares. Se discuten las repercusiones de las conclusiones y se establece que las versiones en español y portugués de la SWLS pueden ser utilizadas para las comparaciones entre países con adolescentes españoles y portugueses

Factorial invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in adolescents from Spain and Portugal.

BACKGROUND: The Satisfaction with Life Scale is one of the most widely used scales to measure the global cognitive judgment of satisfaction with one’s life. METHOD: This study assesses the equivalence of the SWLS across Spanish and Portuguese adolescents, using multi-sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Participants were Spanish (N = 2183) and Portuguese (N = 4082) junior high school. RESULTS: The results provide high support for the internal consistency of both the Spanish and Portuguese versions of this scale. The results also showed that factor structure, factor loadings, could be considered invariant across groups. However, the full scalar invariance between Spanish and Portuguese samples was not found, with the intercept for SWLS item 5 varying across countries. CONCLUSIONS: Similar findings have also been found in other cross-national studies with this scale. Implications of the findings are discussed and we conclude that the Spanish and Portuguese versions of the SWLS can be used for cross-national comparisons with Spanish and Portuguese adolescents.

La eficacia de rol, la claridad de rol y el rendimiento en jóvenes futbolistas / Role efficacy, role clarity and performance in youth footballers / Eficácia e clareza de papel e o rendimento em jovens futebolistas / Eficácia e clareza de papel e o rendimento em jovens futebolistas

El objetivo del trabajo fue doble: 1) Analizar las relaciones entre la eficacia de rol, la claridad de rol y el desempeño efectivo del rol como un indicador subjetivo del rendimiento; y 2) Examinar el papel de la claridad de rol como variable moduladora de la relación entre la eficacia de rol y el rendimiento, ambos objetivos en situaciones de ataque y de defensa en el fútbol. Doscientos noventa y cinco futbolistas varones de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14.01, DE = 1.09) completaron los cuestionarios que evaluaban las variables del estudio. Los resultados mostraron que aquéllos que percibían una claridad de rol alta también percibían una eficacia de rol alta y un desempeño del rol alto. Además se confirmó el papel modulador de la claridad de rol en las funciones defensivas, concretamente, la eficacia de rol resultó ser un predictor positivo del rendimiento siempre y cuando la claridad de rol fuera alta

O objectivo do trabalho foi duplo: 1) Analisar as relações entre a eficácia de papel, a clareza de papel e o desempenho efectivo do papelcomo indicador subjectivo do rendimento; e 2) Examinar a função da clareza de papel como variável moderadora da relação entre a eficácia do papel eo rendimento, ambos objectivos em situações de ataque e defesa no futebol. Duzentos e noventa e cinco futebolistas rapazes com idades compreendidasentre os 12 e os 16 anos (M= 14.01, DP= 1.09) preencheram os questionários que avaliavam as variáveis do estudo. Os resultados revelam que aquelesque percebiam uma elevada clareza de papel também percebiam uma elevada eficácia de papel e um elevado desempenho de papel. Adicionalmente,confirmou-se o papel moderador da clareza de papel nas funções defensivas, concretamente, a eficácia de papel revelou ser um preditor positivo dorendimento sempre e quando a clareza de papel era elevada

The aim of this study was twofold: 1) to analyze the relationship between role efficacy, role clarity, and role performance effectiveness as a subjective measure of performance, and 2) to examine role clarity as a moderator of the role efficacy-performance relationship, in both an offensive and defensive context in football. Two hundred and ninety-five male soccer players between 12 and 16 years old (M = 14.01, SD = 1.09) completed the questionnaires assessing the variables of the study. Results showed that the players who reported higher role clarity also reported higher role efficacy and performed better than those with lower role clarity. Also, role clarity was a moderator for defensive role functions; specifically, role efficacy was a positive predictor of performance only when role clarity was high

O objectivo do trabalho foi duplo: 1) Analisar as relações entre a eficácia de papel, a clareza de papel e o desempenho efectivo do papelcomo indicador subjectivo do rendimento; e 2) Examinar a função da clareza de papel como variável moderadora da relação entre a eficácia do papel eo rendimento, ambos objectivos em situações de ataque e defesa no futebol. Duzentos e noventa e cinco futebolistas rapazes com idades compreendidasentre os 12 e os 16 anos (M= 14.01, DP= 1.09) preencheram os questionários que avaliavam as variáveis do estudo. Os resultados revelam que aquelesque percebiam uma elevada clareza de papel também percebiam uma elevada eficácia de papel e um elevado desempenho de papel. Adicionalmente,confirmou-se o papel moderador da clareza de papel nas funções defensivas, concretamente, a eficácia de papel revelou ser um preditor positivo dorendimento sempre e quando a clareza de papel era elevada

Eating habits, physical activity, consumption of substances and eating disorders in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories.

Eating habits, physical activity, consumption of substances and eating disorders in adolescents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las diferencias entre los adolescentes con mayor y menor riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) en diferentes conductas relacionadas con la salud (hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y consumo de sustancias) por género. Se administró el EAT-40 y el Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares a 2142 adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria de la provincia de Alicante (España), de los que el 52.8% fueron chicas y 47.2% chicos, con una edad media de 13.92 años (Dt = 1.34). Los resultaros indicaron que las chicas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar un TCA realizaban menos comidas, realizaban más dietas y prestaban más atención a los componentes de la alimentación. Además, también realizaban más actividad física con el objetivo de perder peso, y consumían más tabaco, alcohol y medicamentos. Los chicos con mayor riesgo de desarrollar un TCA realizaban más dietas y prestaban más atención a los diferentes componentes de la alimentación. No se encontraron más diferencias en el caso de los chicos. Estos resultados sugieren que cualquier programa dirigido a la prevención de los TCA debe incluir, no sólo educación nutricional, sino también la promoción de la práctica regular de actividad física, con objetivos distintos a la pérdida de peso y a quemar calorías (AU)