Phosphate-binding properties and electrolyte content of aluminum hydroxide antacids.

The phosphate-binding capacities of 19 liquid and solid aluminum hydroxide gel antacids were determined in vitro under varying pH conditions. The resulting data provide a basis explaining the phosphate-binding characteristics observed when patients are treated with long-term aluminum hydroxide therapy. No antacid, liquid or solid, showed significant binding at pH 1.0. Maximum phosphate binding (expressed as phosphorus; P) was observed at pH 2.0 and 3.0 for most antacids and decreased markedly at alkaline pH. The liquid antacids showed a significantly greater phosphate-binding capacity than did tablets or capsules (p less than 0.01). At pH 2.0, the liquid antacids bound a mean of 22.3 mg P/5 ml. At pH 8.0 binding was reduced to a mean of 7.3 mg P/5 ml. Significant interbrand differences were observed. At pH 2.0, the solid antacids bound a mean of 15.3 mg P/tablet or capsule. At pH 8.0, binding was reduced to a mean of 5.8 mg P/tablet or capsule. Interbrand differences, while substantial, were less than those observed among the liquid antacids. Variations in sodium and potassium content were clinically insignificant for most of the antacids in this study, while the differences in phosphate-binding properties were sufficient to warrant attention in the patient with renal failure.

The Brenner tumor: a clinicopathologic review.

The Brenner tumor of the ovary has been the topic of voluminous clinical and pathologic literature since its original description by Macnaughton-Jones in 1898. One of the major problems confronting most investigators of this uncommon neoplasm has been the question of histogenesis. There is general agreement that the tumor is derived from surface (coelomic) epithelium, as are the serous and mucinous cystadenomas. Most Brenner tumors are asymptomatic except for some which have features suggestive of estrogen production. The major pathologic variants are the proliferating and the malignant Brenner tumors; a poor prognosis is associated with the latter neoplasm. Approximately 30% of all benign Brenner tumors have a second histologic type of tumor in the ipsilateral or contralateral ovary, a serous or mucinous cystadenoma in most cases. Brenner tumors have also been reported in the broad ligament and in the testis on rare occasions.