RESUMO
The present review devoted to the analysis of recent literature on genetic determination and the domain organization of the newly discovered two-component signaling systems in pro- and eukaryotes. These structures are involved in the regulation of numerous morphological and physiological processes in plants. RR-proteins, it the key elements of signaling systems, they launch a cascade of phosphotransferase reactions and directly or indirectly regulate the transcription and activity other proteins, including enzymes, in response to hormones or environmental factors. Modern views on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of photoperiodic response, circadian rhythms and anti-stress responses in plants are set out in these positions. The relationship between gene expression and photoreceptor sensitivity of plants to photoperiod traced. We present our own data obtained on the isogenic lines of wheat, where been showed dependence expression of structural genes of enzymes on the allelic composition of individual PRR-loci and the duration action of low temperature.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Triticum/fisiologia , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cromossomos de Plantas , Citocininas/genética , Citocininas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Luz , Fotoperíodo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Duration of the period up to heading of 107 winter wheat cultivars of different origin has been studied. The most contrast for analyzed character cultivars, as well as F2 Omskaya ozimaya/Numbu Komugi individual plants were investigated with SSR-PCR methods to reveal DNA-markers for QTL of heading temps. Two loci Xgwm512 and Xgwm429 have been revealed to explain 19.3% (part of influence of the first locus--8.9%, of the second 10.4%) differences induration of the period up to heading of the F2 individuals in field conditions.
Assuntos
Alelos , Folhas de Planta/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Triticum/genética , Cruzamento , Quimera , Primers do DNA , Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Repetições de Microssatélites , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estações do Ano , Fatores de Tempo , UcrâniaRESUMO
The duration of periods to heading has been compared in lines which carry various Ppd genes from different institutions. Test for allelism has been conducted between these lines. Ppd-B1a gene is allelic to Ppd3 gene of near isogenic line Mironovskaya 808 (the set of SGI). In the set of SGI lines Ppd1 gene is allelic to Ppd-A1a. These two genes are non-allelic to the known Ppd-D1a gene.
Assuntos
Alelos , Genes de Plantas , Fotoperíodo , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Recombinação Genética , Triticum/genética , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Fatores de Tempo , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
PCR analysis was used to create DNA markers to the Vrd1 gene. DNA of almost isogenic lines with respect to Vrd genes of the cultivars Mironovskaya 808 and Erytrospermum 604 was used. It was shown that in the monogenic Vrd1 dominant genotypes the product of amplification (280 b.p.) is absent in comparison with the DNA of the vrd recessive and monogenic Vrd2 dominant genotypes. The linkage of the marker with the Vrd1 gene has been determined using DNA analysis of plant population obtained as a result of crossing of Erytrospermum 604 (vrd recessive) and Triple Dirk C (Vrd1vrd2). F2 population segragated in two groups on the character of 280 b.p. amplification product "presence/absence". The segregation significantly coincided to the theoretical one (by ?2 test) with 1:3 expectation. The revealed molecular marker identified homozygous dominant Vrd1 plants only. The DNA-marker to Vrd1 gene is nulle-allelic 280(-).
Assuntos
DNA de Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Polimorfismo Genético , Triticum/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Folhas de Planta/genética , Brotos de Planta/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Triticum/classificaçãoRESUMO
The possibility of using the PCR with arbitrary primers to mark Vrn genes, Vrn3 in particular, was investigated. RAPD-analysis of DNA of near isogenic lines on Vrn1, Vrn2 and Vrn3 loci in genefone of four varieties of winter wheat were carried out. Monogenic dominant lines by Vrn3 locus possessed 657 b.p. polymorphic DNA fragment. The possibility of using this polymorphic DNA amplicon as a molecular marker was confirmed by results of RAPD-analysis of DNA of some commercial wheat varieties of different ecological-geographic origin possessing dominant Vrn3 alleles, as well as by RAPD-analysis of F2 population from cross of monogenic Vrn3 dominant spring line with its recurrent parent--winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808. The results of RAPD are comparable with hybridological analysis data concerning type of development of plants from F2 population.
Assuntos
Genes de Plantas/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico/métodos , Triticum/genética , Sequência de Bases , Polimorfismo Genético , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Genetic polymorphism in plant of 3 genera of Vitaceae family, 11 species of Vitis genera, 10 cultivars of Vitis vinifera and 4 cultivars that obtained from distant hybridization was studied. According to date of RAPD analysis genetic distances were determined and phylogenetic dendrogram was constructed. The possibility of using PCR for evaluation of breeding material by the levels of genetic relations was shown.
