Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration time on pain.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of administration time of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the level of pain related to G-CSF. METHODS: This study was carried out with 48 cancer patients divided into A and B groups. In the first stage of the study, the groups A and B were planned to be administered with G-CSF at 10: 00 and 14: 00, respectively. In the second stage, patients in groups A and B were asked to self-administer filgrastim at 14: 00 and 10: 00, respectively. Patients were also asked to assess their pain level after G-CSF administration for a total of 4 times. RESULTS: According to the findings, the incidence of pain related to G-CSF was 91.7 %. The pain score after G-CSF being administered at 10: 00 was significantly higher compared to administration at 14: 00 in both groups (group A after 4, 8, and 12 hours: p < 0.05; group B after 4 and 8 hours: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study have demonstrated that the pain score related to G-CSF administration at 14:00 p.m. was significantly reduced. Thus, in order to minimize the pain, it will be more beneficial to administer G-CSF at 14: 00 (Tab. 4, Ref. 31). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

Traditional practices used by Turkish mothers in the care of their babies.

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the traditional practices used by 1410 mothers in the care of their babies in Eskisehir, Turkey. The results of the present study suggest that traditional practices, which sometimes may be hazardous or beneficial, are widely used by Turkish mothers. We recommend that families should be informed about the possible hazardous effects of some traditional practices, however the non-hazardous and beneficial practices providing spiritual well-being may be supported. The optimal strategy is to teach mothers this information during the pregnancy period.