Avaliação do número de foraminas e diâmetro da foramina maior nas raízes de molares inferiores / Assessment of foramina number and largest foramina diameter in mandible molar roots

O conhecimento da anatomia e da grande variação na morfologia dental interna é imprescindível para uma boa resolução das etapas do tratamento dos canais radiculares. Em virtude disso, a anatomia dental interna deve ser compreendida desde a câmara pulpar até a região apical, a qual irá abrigar estruturas de suma importância para o tratamento: o forame e as foraminas apicais. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o número de foraminas presentes nas raízes mesial e distal de molares inferiores e medir o diâmetro da foramina maior encontrada. Para tal procedimento, realizou-se uma pesquisa in vitro, na qual foram avaliados 91 dentes molares inferiores. Esses elementos foram limpos com peróxido de hidrogênio na cuba ultrassônica e tiveram sua porção apical corada com azul de metileno 1%. O corante dos ápices foi limpo e a região apical, avaliada em microscopia óptica com magnificação de 40 vezes e a análise do número de foraminas, bem como o diâmetro da maior foramina encontrada, foi mensurada no programa Image J versão 1.46R. A análise dos resultados foi feita no programa Excel e, posteriormente, foi feita análise estatística com o programa SPSS. A maioria das raízes mesiais dos primeiros molares inferiores apresentou uma (23,07%) e duas foraminas (23,07%). A maioria das raízes distais (31,86%) apresentou uma foramina (p<0,05). A média do diâmetro da foramina maior encontrada na raiz mesial foi de 0,251 mm e na raiz distal 0,268 mm, sem diferença estatisticamente significante (p= 0,3359) (AU).

The awareness of anatomy and wide shape range of the internal dental morphology is extremely important to achieve good performance in all root canal treatment stages. Due to this, the internal dental anatomy must be known from pulp to the apical region, because meaningful structures are placed in: foramina and apical foramen. So this study aims to assess the number of foramen in mesial and distal mandibular root teeth and measure the largest foramen diameter found. For this procedure, in vitro research was performed, which evaluated 91 molar teeth. The teeth were cleaned with hydrogen peroxide in an ultrasonic cleaner, then their apex portion was colored with 1% methylene blue. Once the dye was taken out from the apical region it was evaluated by a microscopy with 40 times magnification, an analysis of foramen number was performed and the largest foramen was found and measured through Image J versão 1.46R software. The results assessment was done by Excel program and later statistical analysis with SPSS. The majority of the first mandible molar mesial root showed one (23.07%) and two foramen (23.07%). The majority of the distal roots showed one foramen. The diameter average of the largest foramen found were 0.251 mm on mesial root and 0.268 mm on distal root, showing no statistically significant difference (p = 0.3359) (AU).

A influência da experiência do operador para atingir o comprimento de trabalho durante o retratamento endodôntico / Influence of operator experience to accomplish working length during endodontic retreatment

Frente ao insucesso endodôntico, a primeira opção de tratamento é a reintervenção ou retratamento do canal radicular. Poucos estudos têm trabalhado a temática da experiência do operador no tempo dessa intervenção. Diante dessa lacuna, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o tempo para atingir o comprimento de trabalho na desobturação de canais radiculares por três operadores. Foram selecionados quarenta e cinco dentes humanos extraídos, uniradiculares, previamente preparados e obturados e, após o envelhecimento do material obturador, submetidos ao método de desobturação com os instrumentos ProTaper Universal Retratamento por diferentes operadores, levando em consideração a sua experiência - um especialista em Endodontia, um aluno de especialização em Endodontia e um aluno de graduação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o tempo foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos (p = 0,02); e que o CT não teve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo obtido para desobturação (p = 0,05). Como conclusão, houve diferença no tempo para a obtenção do comprimento de trabalho entre os operadores, sendo que o especialista e o aluno de especialização levaram menos tempo para chegar ao comprimento de trabalho do que o aluno de graduação (AU).

When facing endodontic treatment failure, the first treatment option is the reintervention or retreatment of the root canal. Few studies have worked with the issue related to operator experience in the intervention timeline. Due to this gap, this study evaluated the time to accomplish working length of root canals desobturation by three operators. Forty-five extracted uniradiculars human teeth were selected, previously prepared and filled and after aging of the filling material, they were submitted to the desobturation method with ProTaper Universal Retreatment instruments by different operators, taking into account their experience - an Endodontics specialist, a student of Endodontics specialization and an undergraduate student. The results showed that the time was significantly different between groups (p = 0.02); and WL had no statistically significant difference in the time obtained for desobturation (p = 0.05). In conclusion, there was difference in the time to obtain the working length between the operators, as the specialist and the specialization student took less time to reach the working length than the graduate student (AU).

Determinação do tempo necessário para a remoção do material obturador de pré-molares inferiores com limas ProTaper Universal D e Mtwo. R / Determining the necessary time to remove filling material from mandibular premolars using ProTaper universal D and Mtwo. R instruments

Com a evolução técnico-científica ocorrida na Endodontia, torna-se difícil selecionar qual instrumento rotatório é mais eficiente na remoção do material obturador para o retratamento endodôntico. A redução do tempo de trabalho é um fator importante na escolha dos instrumentos endodônticos. Sendo assim, procura-se uma técnica de desobturação rápida e eficiente, visando facilitar a remoção da guta percha dos canais radiculares, com benefícios tanto ao profissional quanto ao paciente. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo para se conseguir obter o comprimento de trabalho (CT) dos canais radiculares, utilizando dois diferentes instrumentos pela técnica mecanizada. Para isso, 40 pré-molares inferiores extraídos foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos (n=20), previamente obturados, armazenados e então desobturados. No Grupo 1 foram utilizados os instrumentos ProTaper® Universal D e no Grupo 2 os instrumentos Mtwo.R®. O tempo para obtenção do CT em dentes já tratados endodonticamente foi obtido através de um cronômetro. Os dados foram registrados em tabelas para serem analisados e posteriormente avaliados pelo teste t de Student. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os tempos dos dois grupos (p=0,69), porém os instrumentos ProTaper® Universal D foram mais velozes na remoção da guta percha quando foram utilizados os três instrumentos para chegar ao CT (p=0,02)...

Endodontics has advanced on science and techniques, due to this fact itÆs hard to select which is the most efficient rotary instrument to remove filling material when it comes to endodontic retreatment. Reduced working time is an important criteria on the choice of the instrument to be used. Thus, an efficient and fast un-filling technique is required to facilitate the removal of gutta percha from the root canals and assure benefits to both practitioner and patient. This study aimed to assess the time spent to get the root canalsÆ working length (WL) by using two different rotary instruments. Forty extracted mandible premolars were randomly divided into two groups (n=20). The teeth had been previously filled in with filling material then stored and finally they had been unfilled. In Group 1, the unfilling was performed wth ProTaper® Universal D, while for Group 2 the Mtwo.R® was used. A timer was used to determine the necessary time to get the WT on retreated teeth. Data had been recorded in a chart to following analyses by StudentÆs T Test. Results showed no statistical difference between times for both groups (p=0.69), although the ProTaper® Universal D instruments were faster on removing the gutta percha when three instruments were used to reach the WL (p=0.02)...

Evaluation of three root canal filling techniques through digital radiograph

Introduction: Endodontic obturation consists of root canal filling by antiseptic or inert materials that promote a three-dimensional sealing and stimulate the repair process without interfering with it. Different obturation techniques and materials have been proposed to meet this requirement. Objective: To compare the root canal filling promoted by lateral condensation technique, Tagger's hybrid technique and McSpadden technique by assessing the filling quality through digital radiograph. Material and methods: A total of 45 extracted single-rooted human teeth were used and randomly divided into three experimental groups. After instrumentation, the teeth were filled by lateral condensation (n=15), Hybrid Tagger (n=15), and McSpadden techniques (n=15). Then, digital radiographs were taken with projected increased 10 times, at mesial-distal and buccolingual directions. Results: Visually, few empty spaces were detected at the three root thirds of teeth filled by different techniques. However, statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis) found no differences among the different groups, neither among the different thirds nor between both incidences evaluated. Conclusion: It was concluded that the three obturation techniques exhibited similar behavior in relation to the sealing of the root canal through digital radiograph.

Evaluation of postoperative pain in endodontically treated teeth

Introduction: The success of endodontic treatment is directly related to the morphology domain and endodontic infection control. Some factors such as procedural errors (instrumentation, obturation apical deviations and perforations) can cause postoperative pain. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate postoperative pain in endodontically treated teeth at Dentistry Post-graduation Clinic of Meridional School (IMED/CEOM), Passo Fundo/Brazil from January 2010 to June 2013. Material and methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. After collection, data were analyzed regarding the occurrence of postoperative pain. This research is a quantitative cross-sectional study, whose sample comprised 302 medical records of patients undergoing endodontic treatment from a non-probability sampling. The review of follow-up appointment charts was carried out by the researcher. Results: During the research period and analysis of 302 medical records, 30.80% showed postoperative pain. However, 69.20 % did not feel any pain. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the pain was more frequent when associated with vital pulp, and these data are relevant to the dental clinic.