Antimicrobial efficacy of a new tri-antibiotic combination against resistant endodontic pathogens: an in-vitro study / Eficácia antimicrobiana de uma nova combinação tripla de antibióticos contra patógenos endodônticos resistentes: um estudo in vitro

Antecedentes: A remoção de todas as bactérias patogênicas do sistema de canais radiculares é de primordial importância para o sucesso da terapia endodôntica. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo determinar a eficácia antimicrobiana de três antibióticos e sua nova combinação contra patógenos endodônticos selecionados. Métodos: Neste estudo in vitro, foram utilizadas cepas bacterianas associadas à condição endodôntica refratária e determinado CIM e MBC de Clindamicina (C), Metronidazol (M), Doxiciclina (D), bem como sua combinação de DMC. Cultivamos Candida Albicans, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus Faecalis, Streptococcus Mutans, Bacillus Subtilis subsp. spizizenii, Actinomyces Actinomycetemcomitans em meios de cultura seletivos. Analisamos os dados usando o teste 't' emparelhado, ANOVA unidirecional e o teste post hoc HSD de Tuckey. Resultados: A clindamicina inibiu significativamente o crescimento de C. Albicans (90%) e S. Mutans (90%) e P. Aeruginosa, E. Coli, E. Coli, E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis e A. Actinomycetemcomitans eram resistentes a ele. O metronidazol não inibiu nenhuma das bactérias. A doxiciclina inibiu significativamente C. Albicans (90%),P. Aeruginosa (90%) e S. Mutans (90%), enquanto E.Coli, E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis e A. Actinomycetemcomitanseram resistentes a ela. A combinação de CMD inibiu significativamente todos os micróbios. Entretanto, em concentrações bactericidas de CMD, E. Faecalis (p = 0,024),B. Subtilis (p = 0,021) e A. Actinomycetemcomitans (p =0,041) foram eliminados significativamente, enquanto C.Albicans (p = 0,164), P. Aeruginosa (p = 0,489), E. Coli (p= 0,106) e S. Mutans (p = 0,121) apresentaram resistência. Conclusão: O CMD combinado pode ser usado contra patógenos endodônticos resistentes para obter resultados endodônticos previsíveis. (AU)

Background: Removal of all the pathogenic bacteria from the root canal system is of prime importance for the success of endodontic therapy. Objective: The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of three antibiotics and their new combination against selected endodontic pathogens. Methods: In this in-vitro study, we used bacterial strains associated with the refractory endodontic condition and determined MIC and MBC of Clindamycin (C), Metronidazole (M), Doxycycline (D) as well as their combination CMD. We cultured Candida Albicans, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus Faecalis, Streptococcus Mutans, Bacillus Subtilis subsp. spizizenii, Actinomyces Actinomycetemcomitans on selective culture media. We analyzed the data using paired 't' test, one-way ANOVA, and Tuckey's HSD post hoc test. Results: Clindamycininhibited the growth of C. Albicans (90%) and S. Mutans (90%) significantly and P. Aeruginosa, E. Coli, E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis, and A. Actinomycetemcomitans were resistantto it. Metronidazole did not inhibit any of the bacteria. Doxycycline inhibited C. Albicans (90%), P. Aeruginosa(90%), and S. Mutans (90%) significantly while E. Coli,E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis, and A. Actinomycetemcomitans were resistant to it. The combination of CMD inhibited all the microbes significantly. However, at bactericidal concentrations of CMD, E. Faecalis (p = 0.024), B. Subtilis (p = 0.021) and A. Actinomycetemcomitans(p = 0.041) were eliminated significantly, while C. Albicans (p = 0.164), P. Aeruginosa (p = 0.489), E. Coli (p = 0.106) and S. Mutans (p = 0.121) showed resistance. Conclusion: Combination CMD can be used against resistant endodontic pathogens to achieve predictable endodontic results. (AU)

Recent research trends in dentistry.

Research being an investigative process is employed to increase or revise the current knowledge. Scientific research involves the conduct of a methodical study to prove a hypothesis or give an answer to a specific question with the main aim of finding definitive answer. This paper aims to advance knowledge of research and develop interest in the postgraduate students. It also throws light on the existing and emerging research strengths within a "high-performance culture." The trends in dental research worldwide are looked at, in particular, a comparison between the publication status in two countries, namely India and Australia. The current themes in dental research are also discussed to facilitate future projects for the aspiring pediatric dentists. Stress is given to the importance of evidence-based dentistry as the current times call for high-quality and ethical papers which are devoid of plagiarism. The common reasons for failure of a research are explored and the strengthening factors are highlighted. Proper planning of a pertinent research project is beneficial to the researcher as well as the dental community.

Surgical Management of Large Radicular Cyst Associated with Mandibular Deciduous Molar Using Platelet-rich Fibrin Augmentation: A Rare Case Report.

Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth are rare and usually cause a large bony defect. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an easily available healing biomaterial in oral surgical defect with the new perspective of accelerated healing of a large bony defect. The present case is of unusually large radicular associated with neglected carious mandibular deciduous second molar in 10-year-old girl and its surgical management with PRF augmentation as a healing biomaterial in the bony defect. One-year follow-up showed uneventful healing and eruption of succedaneous tooth. Healing was relatively faster and facilitated by PRF placement. Furthermore, the importance of anticipatory guidance about the treatment of diseased primary teeth and their preservation gets highlighted.

Estimation of salivary nitric oxide levels in children with congenital heart diseases.

INTRODUCTION: Oral health problems, especially dental caries are known to be common in children with severe heart disease, especially at early ages. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in protection against oral diseases owing to its strong antimicrobial action has been a topic of interest. OBJECTIVE: The current study was carried out to estimate the NO levels in the salivary samples of children diagnosed with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and to determine whether salivary NO can serve as a potential biomarker for the evaluation of dental caries-risk. METHODOLOGY: This prospective study was performed on 50 children suffering from CHDs who reported to the department of pediatrics and the levels were compared with those of 50 healthy caries-free children. NO levels in the collected salivary levels were determined spectrophotometrically using the Griess reaction method. RESULTS: Subjects between the age group of 6 and 12 years had maximum decayed teeth (20.95%). The mean NO level in children in study group (60.63) was decreased in comparison to the control group (132.40), which was statistically significant (P value of 0.001). The mean age of the subjects in the study group was 7.24 and the salivary NO levels decreased with age, which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Children are suffering from medically compromising conditions such as CHDs are at a higher risk for dental caries and decreased salivary NO levels in these patients may prove as a critical indicator of the same. Saliva can be further utilized as an important biomarker for the determination of the relationship between salivary NO levels and development of dental caries.