Dose requirement of intrathecal bupivacaine for cesarean delivery is similar in obese and normal weight women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of BMI on the spread of intrathecal bupivacaine is controversial. This study assessed the ED95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for elective cesarean delivery in obese and normal weight women. METHODS: We studied normal weight (BMI < 25 kg x m(-2)) and obese (BMI > 30 kg x m(-2)) women with singleton term pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean delivery. The study was conducted as a single blinded, up-down sequential allocation study (modified by the Narayana rule). All patients received a combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with a variable intrathecal dose of hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine, plus fentanyl 10 microg and morphine 100 microg. The first patient received 9 mg of bupivacaine. Supplemental anesthesia was provided through the epidural catheter if required. The primary outcome was successful analgesia, defined as a sensory block to at least T6, and no request for supplemental anesthesia. The ED95 for the satisfactory outcome was determined by a logistic model with non-log-transformed doses. RESULTS: Twenty-four normal weight and sixteen obese patients were enrolled. The estimated ED95 for all forty patients was 12.92 mg (95% CI: 11.49 to 34.77). The estimated ED95 for the normal weight and the obese subgroups were similar at 12.78 mg (95% CI: 10.75 to + infinity) and 11.86 mg (95%CI: 11.31 to 15.61), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: If single shot spinal anesthesia is used for cesarean delivery, obese and normal weight patients should receive similar doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine. Although in our study the effective dose 95% could not be precisely determined, it is possible to state that it is at least 11.49 mg.

Dose de bupivacaína subaracnóidea necessária para cesariana é semelhante em mulheres obesas e com peso normal / Las dosis de bupivacaína intratecal necesarias para cesáreas en mujeres obesas son similares a las usadas en mujeres con peso normal / Dose requirement of intrathecal bupivacaine for cesarean delivery is similar in obese and normal weight women

Justificativa e objetivos: Os efeitos do IMC na dispersão subaracnóidea de bupivacaína são controversos. O presente estudo avaliou a ED95 de bupivacaína subaracnóidea em cesarianas eletivas em mulheres obesas...

Background and objectives: The effect of BMI on the spread of intrathecal bupivacaine is controversial. This study assessed the ED95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for elective cesarean delivery in obese...

Justificativa y objetivos: Los efectos del IMC en la dispersión intratecal de bupivacaína son controvertidos. El presente estudio evaluó la ED95 de bupivacaína intratecal en cesáreas de elección en mujeres obesas...

Regional anesthesia and non-preeclamptic thrombocytopenia: time to re-think the safe platelet count.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although regional anesthesia is widely used for pain control in obstetrics, it may not be appropriate for patients with thrombocytopenia due to the risk of neuraxial hematoma. There is no strong evidence to suggest the minimum platelet count that is necessary to ensure the safe practice of regional anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to review the safety of regional anesthesia in non-preeclamptic thrombocytopenic parturients at our institution over a 5-year period. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed in all the non-preeclamptic obstetric patients who delivered at our facility between April 2001 and March 2006, and had platelet counts < 100 x 10(9).L(-1) on the day of anesthesia. The etiology of the thrombocytopenia, type of anesthesia, mode of delivery and major anesthetic complications were noted. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients were identified, 47 of whom (62.6%) had received regional anesthesia. The etiology of their thrombocytopenia was immune thrombocytopenic purpura in 49 patients, gestational thrombocytopenia in 20 and other causes in 6 patients. Regional anesthesia was administered in 91.9% of the patients with platelet counts of 80 to 99 x 10(9).L(-1) and in 48.1% of the patients with platelet counts of 50 to 79 x 10(9).L(-1). None of the 11 patients with platelet counts below 50 x 10(9).L(-1) received regional anesthesia. There were no neurological complications. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, regional anesthesia was safely administered in pregnant patients with platelet counts between 50-79 x 10(9).L(-1). Our results are in keeping with other series in the literature. We suggest that in non-preeclamptic patients with stable platelet counts and no history or clinical signs of bleeding, the lower limit of platelet count for regional anesthesia should be 50 x 10(9).L(-1).

Anestesia regional e trombocitopenia não pré-eclâmptica: hora de repensar o nível seguro de plaquetas / Regional anesthesia and non-preeclamptic thrombocytopenia: time to re-think the safe platelet count / Anestesia regional y trombocitopenia no preclámptica: es hora de pensar de nuevo sobre el nivel seguro de plaquetas

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar de a anestesia regional ser amplamente utilizada no controle da dor em obstetrícia, seu uso pode não ser apropriado nas pacientes com trombocitopenia por causa do risco de hematoma no neuroeixo. Não existem fortes evidências sugerindo número mínimo de plaquetas necessário para garantir a segurança na realização da anestesia regional. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever a segurança da anestesia regional em pacientes com trombocitopenia não pré-eclâmptica na instituição durante período de cinco anos. MÉTODO: Foi realizada revisão retrospectiva dos prontuários médicos de todas as pacientes obstétricas não pré-eclâmpticas cujo parto foi realizado na instituição entre abril de 2001 e março de 2006 e que apresentaram contagem de plaquetas < 100 x 109.L-1 no dia da anestesia. A etiologia da trombocitopenia, o tipo de anestesia, tipo de parto e as principais complicações anestésicas foram registrados. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 75 pacientes, das quais 47 (62,2%) receberam anestesia regional. A etiologia da trombocitopenia incluiu púrpura trombocitopênica imune, em 49 pacientes; trombocitopenia gestacional, em 20 pacientes; e outras causas em seis pacientes. Anestesia regional foi utilizada em 91,9% das pacientes com nível de plaquetas entre 80 a 99 x 109.L-1 e em 48,1% das pacientes com nível de plaquetas entre 50 e 79 x 109.L-1. Em nenhuma das 11 pacientes que apresentavam plaquetas abaixo de 50 x 109.L-1 foi administrada anestesia regional. Não houve complicações neurológicas. CONCLUSÕES: Nos casos estudados, a anestesia regional foi administrada com segurança nas gestantes com nível de plaquetas entre 50 - 79 x 109.L-1. Neste estudo os resultados são semelhantes aos de outras séries relatadas na literatura. Sugere-se que nas pacientes sem eclâmpsia com um nível estável de plaquetas e sem história prévia ou sinais clínicos de sangramento, o limite inferior de 50 x 109.L-1 deve ser adotado.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although regional anesthesia is widely used for pain control in obstetrics, it may not be appropriate for patients with thrombocytopenia due to the risk of neuraxial hematoma. There is no strong evidence to suggest the minimum platelet count that is necessary to ensure the safe practice of regional anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to review the safety of regional anesthesia in non-preeclamptic thrombocytopenic parturients at our institution over a 5-year period. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed in all the non-preeclamptic obstetric patients who delivered at our facility between April 2001 and March 2006, and had platelet counts < 100 × 109.L-1 on the day of anesthesia. The etiology of the thrombocytopenia, type of anesthesia, mode of delivery and major anesthetic complications were noted. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients were identified, 47 of whom (62.6%) had received regional anesthesia. The etiology of their thrombocytopenia was immune thrombocytopenic purpura in 49 patients, gestational thrombocytopenia in 20 and other causes in 6 patients. Regional anesthesia was administered in 91.9% of the patients with platelet counts of 80 to 99 × 109.L-1 and in 48.1% of the patients with platelet counts of 50 to 79 × 109.L-1. None of the 11 patients with platelet counts below 50 × 109.L-1 received regional anesthesia. There were no neurological complications. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, regional anesthesia was safely administered in pregnant patients with platelet counts between 50-79 × 109.L-1. Our results are in keeping with other series in the literature. We suggest that in non-preeclamptic patients with stable platelet counts and no history or clinical signs of bleeding, the lower limit of platelet count for regional anesthesia should be 50 × 109.L-1.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: A pesar de que la anestesia regional esté siendo muy utilizada en el control del dolor en obstetricia, su uso puede no ser muy apropiado en las pacientes con trombocitopenia, debido al riesgo de hematoma en el neuro eje. No existen fuertes evidencias que sugieran un número mínimo de plaquetas necesario para garantizar la seguridad en la realización de la anestesia regional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la seguridad de la anestesia regional en pacientes con trombocitopenia no preeclámptica en la institución durante un período de cinco años. MÉTODO: Fue realizada revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas médicas de todas las pacientes obstétricas no preeclámpticas cuyo parto fue realizado en la institución entre abril de 2001 y marzo de 2006 y que presentaron < 100 x 109.L-1 de plaquetas el día de la anestesia. La etiología de la trombocitopenia, el tipo de anestesia, tipo de parto y las principales complicaciones anestésicas fueron registrados. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 75 pacientes, de las cuales 47 (62,2%) recibieron anestesia regional. La etiología de la trombocitopenia incluyó púrpura trombocitopénica inmune en 49 pacientes, trombocitopenia de gestación en 20 pacientes, y otras causas en seis pacientes. La anestesia regional fue utilizada en un 91.9% de las pacientes con nivel de plaquetas entre 80 a 99 x 109.L-1 y en 48.1% de las pacientes con nivel de plaquetas entre 50 y 79 x 109.L-1. Ninguna de las 11 pacientes que presentaban plaquetas por debajo de 50 x 109.L-1 recibió anestesia regional. No hubo complicaciones neurológicas. CONCLUSIONES: En los casos estudiados, la anestesia regional fue administrada con seguridad en las gestantes con nivel de plaquetas entre...

Anestesia para cesariana em paciente com hiperplasia adrenal congênita: relato de caso / Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste relato de caso é ilustrar a conduta anestésica para cesariana em paciente portadora da forma não clássica de hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) e revisar as manifestações clínicas e a conduta nas suas várias formas durante a gestação. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente primigrávida, 32 anos, portadora da forma não clássica de HAC foi admitida com quadro de retardo de crescimento intra-uterino, com 28 semanas de gestação. Suas características clínicas incluíam obesidade mórbida, hipertensão arterial leve e uso crônico de glicocorticóides. Com 29 semanas de gestação, a paciente foi submetida à cesariana de emergência sob raquianestesia, observando-se administração de esteróides no período peri-operatório. Mãe e recém-nascido apresentaram boa evolução. CONCLUSÕES: A conduta clínica em parturientes portadoras de HAC deve incluir no planejamento os efeitos da corticoterapia crônica, os sinais de insuficiência adrenal e a administração peri-operatória de esteróides. Em relação à anestesia é necessário considerar aspectos relacionados à obesidade e à hipertensão arterial. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar é necessária para garantir um bom resultado materno-fetal.

[Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: case report.]. / Anestesia para cesariana em paciente com hiperplasia adrenal congênita: relato de caso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the anesthetic management of a Cesarean section in a patient with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and to review the clinical features and management of various forms of CAH during pregnancy. CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old primigravida, diagnosed with non-classic CAH, was admitted with intrauterine growth retardation at 28 weeks of gestation. Clinical features included morbid obesity, mild hypertension and chronic use of glucocorticoids. An emergency Cesarean section was performed at 29 weeks of gestation under uneventful spinal anesthesia with perioperative steroid coverage. Both mother and neonate had good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The management of patients with CAH presenting for labour or operative delivery should include the understanding of the effects of chronic steroid therapy, signs of adrenal insufficiency and perioperative steroid coverage. Anesthetic considerations should include issues related to obesity and hypertension. A multidisciplinary approach is required to ensure successful outcome.