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Background Glaucoma is a group of conditions characterized by progressive irreversible optic neuropathy, intraocular pressure as a modifiable risk factor, and, in many patients, visual field defects. Glaucoma has recently been classified as a neurodegenerative disorder of the optic nerve that results in the loss of retinal ganglion cells. This study evaluated levels of awareness of glaucoma in the general population of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A pre-designed, pre-validated online questionnaire from previous studies was distributed to respondents via online social media platforms. Factors associated with awareness of glaucoma were analyzed statistically. Results Responses were received from 585 participants aged ≥18 years, including 309 (52.8%) men and 276 (47.2%) women. Gender, a diagnosis of glaucoma, a positive family history of glaucoma, and undergoing glaucoma screening were significantly associated with the level of glaucoma knowledge (p < 0.05 each). Age group (p = 0.587) and level of education (p = 0.136) were not significantly associated with the level of glaucoma knowledge. Conclusions The population of Riyadh City exhibited a low level of glaucoma awareness, indicating an urgent need for comprehensive ophthalmic health education initiatives aimed at enhancing public consciousness and awareness of glaucoma risks and complications.
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Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention in eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and poor vision, comparing the Ahmed glaucoma implant with cyclophotocoagulation (CPC). Patients and Methods: This study is a double-armed cohort retrospective review of medical records of patients with NVG who had a visual acuity of 20/200 or less and underwent one of the two procedures as a primary intervention: Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) or cyclophotocoagulation (CPC). The study was conducted at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2014 to June 2019, with a total study period of 1 year. The main outcome measures included the surgical success rate, changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucoma medications, corrected distance visual acuity, and the reoperation rate for glaucoma. Results: The preoperative IOP was 40.4 ± 10.6 mmHg (Median 40) in the CPC group and 39.4 ± 10.2 mmHg (Median 40) in the AGV group (P = 0.6). At 1 year, the IOP ranged from 12.5 to 28 mmHg (Median 18) in the CPC group and 14 to 21.5 mmHg (Median 17) in the AGV group (P = 0.016). Survival analysis showed a 51% success rate in the CPC group and an 89% success rate at 1 year in the AGV group (p>0.0001). Conclusion: CPC and AGV procedures yielded good outcomes with similar IOP levels 12 months after the surgery. However, AGV demonstrated a higher overall success rate and a lower medication requirement than CPC.
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Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome is a rare ophthalmic postoperative complication in which the intraocular implants or devices like intraocular lenses (IOLs) produce chronic mechanical chaffing to the adjacent uveal tissues and/or trabecular meshwork (TM) resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical ophthalmic manifestations ranging from chronic uveitis to secondary pigment dispersion, iris defects, hyphema, macular oedema, or spiked intraocular pressure (IOP). Spiked IOP is a result of direct damage to the TM, hyphema, pigment dispersion, or recurrent intraocular inflammation. UGH syndrome generally develops over a time course, varying from weeks to several years postoperatively. Conservative treatment with anti-inflammatory and ocular hypotensive agents might be sufficient in mild to moderate UGH cases but surgical intervention with implant repositioning, exchange, or explantation might be necessary in more advanced situations. Here, we report our challenge in managing a one-eyed 79-year-old male patient with UGH secondary to migrated haptic, which was successfully managed by intraoperative IOL haptic amputation under endoscopic guidance.
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PURPOSE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable blinding disorder affecting preterm infants. To date, maternal risk factors have not been studied in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to identify possible maternal risk factors for any stage and type 1 ROP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 295 preterm infants screened for ROP between November 2013 and December 2018 at a Saudi Arabian tertiary-care hospital were included. We included infants with a gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) ≤1500 g. We analyzed 28 maternal and neonatal risk factors. RESULTS: The incidence of ROP at any stage and Type 1 were 31.9% and 7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the only maternal factor associated with any stage of ROP was spontaneous vaginal delivery (P = 0.049), but no maternal factor was an independent risk factor for type 1 ROP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified lower BW, lower gestational age and longer neonatal intensive care unit stay as independent risk factors for the development of ROP at any stage (P < 0.05). For Type 1 ROP, lower BW, and intraventricular hemorrhage were significant independent risk factors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The only maternal risk factor related to ROP was spontaneous vaginal delivery, which increased the risk of any stage of ROP. The single most predictive risk factor for any stage of ROP and Type 1 ROP was low BW. These findings emphasize the role of the obstetrician in promoting health care and modifying maternal risk factors to prevent preterm births related to a low BW.
