Physicochemical, antibacterial and aromatic qualities of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora pall) tea with different varieties.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five varieties on the quality of herbaceous peony tea by physicochemical analysis, sensory evaluation, antimicrobial capacity analysis and a combination of gas chromatography with quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF). Antibacterial and antioxidant analyses revealed that the ABTS free radical scavenging rate of HPT was high, ranging from 82.20% to 87.40% overall. 'Madame Claude Tain' had the strongest inhibitory ability against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibitory effect of 12.65 mm. The sensory evaluation showed that 'Angel cheeks' had the highest overall sensory score. GC-QTOF combined with orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis showed that 22 volatile components were the key aroma components of herbaceous peony tea. Different varieties of herbaceous peony tea had a unique characteristic aroma. 'Angel cheeks' imparted lily-like and chestnut fragrances, which were attributed to linalool and 3,5-octadien-2-one. 'Sea Shell', 'Mother's Choice' and 'Angel Cheek' had a medicinal aroma, which may be due to the presence of o-cymene. Overall, 'Angel cheeks' was the most suitable for developing high-quality herbaceous peony tea in five varieties. This study provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the development of herbaceous peony.

Systematic evaluation on the physicochemical characteristics of a series polysaccharides extracted from different edible lilies by ultrasound and subcritical water.

A series polysaccharide samples extracted from three edible lilies (Lilium davidii var. willmottiae, Lilium brownii var. viridulum, and Lilium lancifolium) by subcritical water and ultrasound-assisted extraction were systematically compared. The results showed that extraction method was a more important factor than lily species. Subcritical water extracted lily polysaccharides (S-LP) with higher yield, molecular weight, neutral glucose and uronic acid content as well as apparent viscosity. Ultrasound-assisted extracted lily polysaccharides (U-LP) with higher reducing sugars and protein content. Moreover, due to the degradation of glycosidic bonds, ultrasonic extraction was easier to obtain lower molecular weight polysaccharides. In addition, the extraction method significantly affected the monosaccharide proportion of polysaccharides, but had no effect on type. Glucose was the main component in S-LP, and glucose and mannose were the main components in U-LP. The micromorphology of different polysaccharide samples was similar, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed regular/irregular particle clusters with different particle sizes. Overall, the relationships between extraction methods, lily species and polysaccharide properties were preliminarily elucidated, providing a reference for the targeted extraction of specific lily polysaccharides (LP).

Pumpkin Polysaccharide Extracted by Subcritical Water: Physicochemical Characterization and Anti-Diabetic Effects in T2DM Rats.

SCOPE: This study aims to optimize the extraction of pumpkin polysaccharide by subcritical water, investigates the physicochemical properties and biological activities of pumpkin polysaccharide. METHODS AND RESULTS: Subcritical water is used to extract pumpkin polysaccharide. The structure and composition of pumpkin polysaccharide are analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential of pumpkin polysaccharide aere determined by the physicochemical indexes, pathological, and immunohistochemical analysis in T2DM rats induced by STZ + high-fat diet. The optimal conditions for subcritical water are 1:15, 150°C, and 10 min. Pumpkin polysaccharide has α-configurations and are mainly composed of seven different monosaccharides, and it exhibits good free-radical scavenging ability and inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase activities. Pumpkin polysaccharide treatment in T2DM rats significantly decreases the concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, TC, TG, LDL-C, and MDA; increases the levels of HDL-C; and enhances the antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD and CAT). Histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses reveal that pumpkin polysaccharide has protective effects on kidney and pancreatic organs in T2DM rats. CONCLUSION: Pumpkin polysaccharide extracted by SWE shows great potential as functional food ingredients and candidates for T2DM treatment.

Polysaccharide from Hemerocallis citrina Borani by subcritical water with different temperatures and investigation of its physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity.

Hemerocallis citrina Borani as a low-cost vegetable, has various health benefits. However, the industry of H. citrina Borani is in the state of primary processing, with poor economic benefits. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, and the antioxidant activity of H. citrina Borani polysaccharide (HCBP) using subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different temperatures, to expand the value of H. citrina Borani. HCBP mainly composed of nine monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, rhamnose, fucose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid), among which the content of neutral sugar was higher and uronic acid was lower. HCBP contained glycosidic bond of ß-configurations and trace quantities protein. The molecular weight of HCBP decreased with increasing temperature. Shear thinning occurred in HCBP with the increase of shear rate (0.01-1 s-1), and the apparent viscosity of HCBP decreased at higher temperature (150-160°C) with the increase continuously of shear rate (1-10 s-1), but almost remained constant at lower temperature (130-140°C). Scanning electron microscope showed that HCBP had rough surface, loose structure, obvious particle gap, and irregular shape. In addition, HCBP extracted at 160°C had strong FRAP activity, and HCBP extracted at 130 and 140°C had better ABTS radical scavenging activity. This study suggests that HCBP extracted by SWE could provide a cheap raw material as food thickening agent and natural antioxidants.

Polysaccharide from Hemerocallis citrina Borani by subcritical water: Bioactivity, purification, characterization, and anti-diabetic effects in T2DM rats.

Hemerocallis citrina Borani (daylily) has various health benefits. However, the structural characterization and hypoglycemic effects of its polysaccharide remain unclear. Here, we first report for the first time, the effects of subcritical water extraction temperature on bioactivity of Hemerocallis citrina Borani polysaccharide (HCBP). HCBP extracted at 160 °C had better scavenging ability of free-radical and pancreatic lipase inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization and anti-diabetic effects of aforementioned HCBP. HCBP was separated into three fractions using a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. HCBP-1 was the major component with lower molecular weight, HCBP-2 was the least abundant component, HCBP-3 was the component with higher uronic acid and molecular weight. HCBP treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein, as well as improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. HCBP also protected the kidneys and pancreatic organs by histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses in T2DM rats. In addition, HCBP significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the level of malonaldehyde to alleviated the oxidative stress injury. The results indicate HCBP extracted by subcritical water is promising functional food ingredients and could be used in T2DM treatment.