Nurses' and Midwives' Awareness of the Recommended Breastfeeding Practices During the Pandemic of COVID-19 and the Associated Factors in Jordan.

Introduction: The COVID-19-related restrictions imposed to reduce viral transmission have highlighted the need to support the importance of maternal breastfeeding. Clear guidelines for consistent practices across settings have been drawn up on the basis of the best available data. Emerging recommendations call to increase nurses' and midwives' awareness of these guidelines. Objective: This study aimed to explore nurses' and midwives' awareness of the recommended breastfeeding practices and associated factors in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted. This study was conducted in clinical settings representing Jordan's North, Middle, and Southern regions. One hundred seventy nurses and midwives were selected through a convenient sampling technique. Results: The mean total score of the awareness was 7.78 (SD = 1.60); 62.9% of participants were highly aware of the recommended breastfeeding practices. Nurses and midwives who were aware of the recommended breastfeeding practices during the pandemic of COVID-19 (90.7%) were more likely to perceive COVID-19 preventive measures as effective than those who were not aware of breastfeeding practices (74.6%) (χ2 = 7.886, p = .005), while work experience in years (χ2 = 8.966, p < .01) was significantly associated with awareness of the breastfeeding recommended practices. Conclusion: Most Jordanain nurses and midwives were highly aware of the recommended breastfeeding practices during COVID-19 pandemic. This awareness was positively associated with working experience and perceiving that the preventive measures of COVID-19 are effective. Educational programs for nurses and midwives about breastfeeding practice recommendations are necessary to help mothers obtain appropriate care and education.

Pain and anxiety in patients with breast cancer treated with morphine versus tramal with virtual reality.

The treatment of pain and anxiety in cancer patients includes both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological approaches. The researchers of this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of morphine versus Tramal with virtual reality therapy (VR) in reducing pain and anxiety in female patients with breast cancer. The sample was composed of 80 women with breast cancer who where treated at a specialized cancer center in Jordan. A quasi-experimental design was used in the study intervention. When used with VR, the tramal analgesics did not differe significactly from the effect of morphine in reducing the pain and anxiety. However, both groups had a significant drop in the level of pain and anxiety. When combined with VR, the use of weak opioids such as Tramal will have nearly the same effect as strong opioids such as Morphine in reducing pain and anxiety in breast cancer patients.

Virtual Reality Technology for Pain and Anxiety Management among Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Pain and anxiety have negative effects on the treatment of patients with cancer. Virtual reality technology is a form of distraction which is still unclear in its methodological quality in reducing pain and anxiety. AIMS: To summarize and evaluate the methodological quality of primary studies on the virtual reality (VR) technology for the management of pain and anxiety among patients with cancer, and to analyze the effectiveness of VR in the reviewed studies. DESIGN: This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. SETTING: Multiple databases from their inception through November 2018. METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed to identify studies that evaluated the effectiveness of VR in managing pain and anxiety among patients with cancer. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using the modified Downs and Black checklist. RESULTS: Thirteen studies published between 1999 and 2018 were eligible for inclusion. These included studies were classified as being of good or fair quality. The consensus across the included studies was that compared with standard care, VR plus standard care were more effective in reducing pain and anxiety especially in children and adolescent patients who were undergoing painful procedures, and in adult and elderly patients who were undergoing anti-cancer treatments and during their hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Although more high- methodological quality studies are needed to determine whether VR technology is effective in controlling symptoms in patients with cancer, the results of this review suggested that VR intervention may be beneficial for the management of pain and anxiety in patients with cancer. Therefore, clinicians may consider VR technology as an adjunctive intervention for pain and anxiety management.

Virtual reality as a distraction technique for pain and anxiety among patients with breast cancer: A randomized control trial.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) distraction technology in reducing pain and anxiety among female patients with breast cancer. METHOD: A randomized control trial design was used with a sample of 80 female patients with breast cancer at a specialized cancer center in Jordan. Participants were randomly assigned into intervention and comparison groups.ResultThe study findings showed that one session of the immersive VR plus morphine made a significant reduction in pain and anxiety self-reported scores, compared with morphine alone, in breast cancer patients.Significance of resultsImmersive VR is an effective distraction intervention for managing pain and anxiety among breast cancer patients. Using immersive VR as an adjuvant intervention is more effective than morphine alone in relieving pain and anxiety; furthermore, VR is a safe intervention more than pharmacological treatment.