RESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the correlation of the facial measurements (interalar, intercommissural, intercanthal, and interpupillary distance) with the combined mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth between males and females. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were: (a) To evaluate the correlation of the facial measurements (interalar, intercommissural, intercanthal, and interpupillary distance) and combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. (b) To compare the correlation of the facial measurements (interalar, intercommissural, intercanthal, and interpupillary distance) with the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth between males and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 120 dentate Subjects selected from Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore. The vernier caliper was used to measure the interalar, intercommissural, intercanthal, and interpupillary distance. The mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth was measured on the cast. For accuracy, every distance was measured three times and the mean taken. RESULTS: Comparison of parameters between males and females was calculated using independent sample t-test. The values obtained for each variables are interalar distance: for males 38.89 ± 2.19 and for females 35.58 ± 2.33. Intercommissural distance: for males 50.96 ± 2.99 and for females 47.15 ± 2.97. Intercanthal distance: for males 31.92 ± 1.46 and for females 30.46 ± 2.07. Interpupillary distance: for males 65.15 ± 2.82 and for females 61.78 ± 3.18. Mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth: for males 52.55 ± 1.82 and for females 51.33 ± 2.50. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the study concluded there is a significant correlation between interalar, intercommissural, intercanthal, interpupillary distance, and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth in total subjects. In females, there is a significant correlation between interalar, intercanthal, interpupillary distance, and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), commonly affecting the lungs. All health care professionals including the pharmacists provide a valuable public health role in promoting community awareness of TB particularly in reducing stigma attached to TB. Thus, creating awareness at a community level could play a vital role in control and prevention of TB. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether educational intervention would affect the level of TB awareness among students of selected schools and pre-university colleges (PUCs) in Bangalore urban and Bangalore rural regions. METHODOLOGY: The present study was conducted among the students of 8th, 9th, 10th and PUC in Bangalore rural and urban jurisdiction (n=2635). A questionnaire was designed in English and Kannada language, consisting of 20 questions with multiple-choice answers. A 30-minute visual health education was given on TB in English, followed by general pictorial presentation, and the data were collected as pre-test and post-test. RESULTS: Data collected from 2635 participants during pre- and post-education session revealed that mean score improved from 8.77±2.59 to 14.95±1.99. Impact of the education session showed a significant knowledge improvement about TB from 1.59% (pre-education) to 49.67% (post-education). CONCLUSION: The present study clearly demonstrated that a simple, 30-minute health education session did have a positive impact on knowledge and awareness about TB among school children as observed with increase in mean knowledge score from pre-test to post-test, indicating that empowerment of students could guide the community on various aspects of TB.
