First-principle calculations of the structural, vibrational, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of ε-O8 under pressure.

The vibrational, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of the ε-O8 phase in the pressure range of 11.4-70 GPa were studied by the first-principle calculation method. The phonon dispersion curves have a tiny virtual frequency at 60 GPa, which indicates that ε-O8 is dynamically unstable at 60 GPa. However, the 3-BM EOS demonstrates that the unit cell is stable up to 70 GPa. It has been shown that ε-O8 remains ductile within the whole applied pressure range. Concurrently, we calculated the variation of the band gap of ε-O8 in the pressure range of 11.4-70 GPa. The results show that the band gap of ε-O8 decreases with increasing pressure. Notably, the band gap disappears within the range of 50-60 GPa, which reveals that the metallic phase transition occurs within this pressure range.

The interaction of TAK1 and TAB1 enhances LPS-induced cytokine release via modulating NF-κB activation (Larimichthys crocea).

Transforming growth factor-ß-activating kinase 1 (TAK1) is triggered by foreign pathogenic infection and involves in proinflammatory response through the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is specifically regulated by TAK1-binding protein 1 (TAB1). However, the expression and regulatory characterizations of TAK1 and TAB1 in fish immune response remain largely unknown. In the present study, the cDNA sequences of TAK1 (LcTAK1) and TAB1 (LcTAB1) were identified from large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. The open reading frame (ORF) of LcTAK1 was 1725 bp in length, encoding 574 amino acids. The putative LcTAK1 protein contained a protein kinase domain and a C-terminal coiled-coil region. The ORF of LcTAB1 was 1518 bp encoding 505 amino acids. And a typical PP2Cc domain and a conserved sequence motif (PYVDFSQFYLLWGSDH) at C-terminal were identified in the predicted LcTAB1 protein. Multiple alignments showed that LcTAK1 shared 74.0-97.9% and LcTAB1 shared 37.4-95.8% sequence identities with TAK1 and TAB1 proteins from other species, respectively. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that both LcTAK1 and LcTAB1 were broadly expressed in all examined tissues, with the most predominant expression in brain and the weakest expression in muscle, respectively. Subcellular localization revealed that both LcTAK1 and LcTAB1 expressed in the cytoplasm. In addition, LcTAK1 transcripts increased significantly in LCK cells after flagellin, LPS and poly I:C stimulation while LcTAB1 enhanced greatly after LPS and poly I:C challenge. Furthermore, the roles of them in NF-κB activation were investigated by overexpression of LcTAK1 and LcTAB1 in HEK293T cells. Our results revealed that NF-κB luciferase promoter expression could not be induced by overexpression of LcTAK1 or LcTAB1 alone, however, it could be induced by co-expression of LcTAK1 and LcTAB1 together. Moreover, the roles of LcTAK1 and LcTAB1 in immune response analysis showed that NF-κB activation enhanced significantly in co-overexpressed HEK293T cells following LPS and poly I:C stimulation. However, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were induced only after LPS challenge (p < .05). These findings suggested that the TAK1-TAB1 complex of large yellow croaker might play an important role in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine release after LPS stimulation via inducing NF-κB activation.