RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The association between viral infections and pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis (cwCF) is well established. However, the question of whether cwCF are at a higher risk of COVID-19 or its adverse consequences remains controversial. METHODS: We conducted an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study of cwCF infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) between March 2020 and June 2022, (first to sixth COVID-19 pandemic waves) in Spain. The study aimed to describe patients' basal characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 clinical manifestations and outcomes, and whether there were differences across the pandemic waves. RESULTS: During study time, 351 SARS-CoV2 infections were reported among 341 cwCF. Median age was 8.5 years (range 0-17) and 51% were female. Cases were unevenly distributed across the pandemic, with most cases (82%) clustered between November 2021 and June 2022 (sixth wave, also known as Omicron Wave due to the higher prevalence of this strain in that period in Spain). Most cwCF were asymptomatic (24.8%) or presented with mild Covid-19 symptoms (72.9%). Among symptomatic, most prevalent symptoms were fever (62%) and increased cough (53%). Infection occurring along the sixth wave was the only independent risk factor for being symptomatic. Just eight cwCF needed hospital admission. No multisystem inflammatory syndrome, persisting symptoms, long-term sequelae, or deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish current data indicate that cwCF do not experience higher risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection nor worse health outcomes or sequelae. Changes in patients' basal characteristics, clinical courses, and outcomes were detected across waves. While the pandemic continues, a worldwide monitoring of COVID-19 in pediatric CF patients is needed.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Fibrose Cística , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Masculino , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Transversais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , RNA ViralRESUMO
La asistencia al jardín de infancia es considerada un factor de riesgo de enfermedad aguda en la primera infancia, sin embargo los trabajos disponibles no permiten cuantificar de forma integrada dicho riesgo. Realizamos una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohortes en los que se hayan estudiado los efectos de la asistencia de día en guarderías sobre la salud infantil en las bases de datos de la Colaboración Cochrane, PubMed e Índice Médico Español, sin límites de idioma ni de tiempo, completando con análisis de citas y una búsqueda suplementaria en EMBASE. Valoramos la calidad metodológica mediante criterios personalizados. Calculamos medidas de efecto resumen (riesgos relativos, razones de densidades de incidencia y diferencias de medias ponderadas), con sus intervalos de confianza, asumiendo modelos de efectos aleatorios. Hemos observado un significativo aumento de riesgo consistente a lo largo del tiempo y entre diferentes entornos sociales y geográficos. Considerando los trabajos con mayor rigor metodológico y con estimadores de efecto ajustados, la asistencia a guardería se asoció a un incremento de riesgo de infección respiratoria alta (RR=1,88), otitis media aguda (RR=1,58), otitis media con derrame (RR=2,43), infecciones respiratorias bajas (globalmente RR=2,10; neumonías RR=1,70; bronquiolitis RR=1,80; bronquitis RR=2,10) y gastroenteritis agudas (RR=1,40). La asistencia a guardería podría ser la responsable de entre un 33% y un 50% de los episodios de infección respiratoria y gastroenteritis en la población expuesta. Como conclusión podemos decir que el riesgo sobre la salud infantil de la asistencia a guardería es discreto pero de un gran impacto. Esta información tiene importantes implicaciones para la investigación, la práctica clínica, las autoridades sanitarias y la sociedad
Child day-care attendance is considered to be an acute early childhood disease risk factor, the studies available however not affording the possibility of fully quantifying this risk. A systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies was conducted, in which the effects child day-care attendance had on the health of young children based on the Cochrane Collaboration, PubMed and Spanish Medical Index databases, without any time or language-related limits, were analyzed and rounded out with analyses of referenced works and an additional EMBASE search. The methodological quality was evaluated by means of personalized criteria. Pooling measures (relative risks, incidence density ratios and weighted mean differences) were calculated with their confidence intervals, assuming random effects models. A significant increase was found to exist of a risk consistent over time and among different social and geographical environments. Considering the most methodologicallystringent studies with adjusted effect estimates, child day-care attendance was related to an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection (RR=1,88), acute otitis media (RR=1,58), otitis media with fluid draining (RR=2,43), lower respiratory tract infections (overall RR=210; acute pneumonia RR=1.70; broncholitis RR=1,80; bronchitis RR=2,10) and gastroenteritis (RR=1,40). Child day-care attendance could be responsible for 33%-50% of the episodes of respiratory infection and gastroenteritis among the exposed population. In conclusion, it can be said that the risk for childhood health attributable to the child day-care attendance is discreet but of high-impact. This information has some major implications for research, clinical practice, healthcare authorities and society as a whole
