Stress-another possible mechanism of neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases

Theliteratureassociatesoxidativestresswiththeproductionoffreeradicals,whichleadtoneurodegeneration.Theypresentinnumerablehypotheses,amongwhichareabnormalitiesinthefunctioningofthehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalaxis,neurotoxiceffectsandneuronaloxidativedamage.ClinicalobservationhasshownthatinneurodegenerativediseasessuchasMultipleSclerosis(MS)andAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS)thereisareportofprolonged or violent emotionalstressprecedingthesymptoms.Aims:UsingtheCarilloComplexSystemsModel,presentsomepossibilitiesonhowstresscancontributetoneurodegeneration.Methodology:NinecasesofALSandsixcasesofMSwereevaluated,pathologiesalreadyclassifiedasbelongingtosyphilinism.Literaturereviewonstressandneurotoxicitycarriedout.Resultsanddiscussion:Syphilinism is instability with a predominantly intrinsicorigin to the system with a chronic caracter.This diathesis is characterized by a dissipative deficiency, predominantly hepatic, to the processing of certain elements or potentially toxic substances with exogenous origin or endogenous Such non-processed substances are unstable factors in the system, with greater affinity for certain tissues,like the nervous system. Among the toxins, we find alcohol, esters, formaldehyde, aloe, ketones, aldehydes, etc. The final hepatic metabolism of cortisol results in cortic acids and cortol, which use the same enzymatic system as alcohol, and can be considered syphilinic toxins. Ethanol can act directly at the circadian rhythm, disrupting it and generating stressful substances such as cortisol, regardless of an external event, increasing the toxin level. The inflammatory process generated by the production of free radicals and metabolic abnormalities, including the reduction of neuropeptide Y that modulates inflammatory activity in the nervous system, leads to changes that can result in neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Inflammation caused by toxins from prolonged/violent emotional stress can lead to several changes in syphilinic individuals, due to failure in the dissipative process, including neurodegeneration.

Medicines for the new coronavirus in the view of Classical Systemic Homeopathy.

INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organization, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has 48.896.564 reported cases and 1.236.995 deaths worldwide on November 5, 2020. Despite great efforts, there is no treatment of COVID-19 up to nowadays. Therefore, it is essential to search for therapeutic alternatives to COVID-19, such as Integrative Medicine, especially Homeopathy, which was used with excellent results in the great epidemics. AIM: This study aims to describe the coronavirus Pandemic from the perspective of Classical Systemic Homeopathy and to identify the homeopathic medicine (medicines genius) that has its sphere of action in most of the symptoms involved in this pandemic. METHODS: Articles published in indexed journals and websites of medical institutions, books of homeopathic materia medica, scientific journals, and government publications were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 39 references were selected and enclosed 20 articles indexed on COVID-19, 08 references of systemic conditions, 11 articles indexed of homeopathy, 06 classic homeopathy books. After the study, the homeopathic medicine Cinchona officinalis (China officinalis) was proposed, according to pathogenesis (experimental pathophysiological study in humans) described in the materia medica books consulted, for the relief of symptoms. Its sphere of action in most of the symptoms involved in this pandemic. Moreover, acute homeopathic medicines were determined to act in the relief of symptoms of the various phases of the manifestations of the disease. CONCLUSION: Data contributes to use in homeopathic interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic as a health promotion and treatment strategy that can be used as an adjunct to all sanitary and therapeutic measures recommended by health authorities.

Determinantes do peso insuficiente e do baixo peso ao nascer na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2001 / Determinants of Insufficient and Low Birth Weight in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001

O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar determinantes comuns do peso insuficiente e do baixo peso ao nascer com base nas informações do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em 2001. O baixo peso (<2.500g) e o peso insuficiente ao nascer (2.500 a 2.999g) foram analisados separadamente e contrastados com o peso satisfatório (3.000 a 3.999g). Do total de nascidos vivos elegíveis (78.582), 8,7% e 24,8% apresentaram, respectivamente, baixo peso e peso insuficiente ao nascer. Nas análises univariadas, a escolaridade e idade materna, o número de consultas de pré-natal e a duração da gestação estiveram mais fortemente associadas ao baixo peso do que ao peso insuficiente ao nascer. Nos modelos de regressão de Poisson com níveis hierárquicos de determinação, a escolaridade materna e o número de consultas de pré-natal não se mostraram estatisticamente associados ao peso insuficiente. Apesar da limitação de informações disponíveis no Sinasc, foram praticamente comuns os determinantes do baixo peso e do peso insuficiente.

The present study aimed to investigate whether insufficient birth weight and low birth weight share the same determinants, based on data of the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001. The outcomes Insufficient Birth Weight (2,500- ,999g) and Low Birth Weight (<2,500g) were analyzed separately and compared to the Satisfactory Birth Weight (3,000-3,999g). Of the total newborns eligible for the study (78,582), 8.7% and 24.8% presented, respectively, low birth weight and insufficient birth weight. Based on the univariate analysis, the mother’s educational and age level, prenatal care and gestational were stronger associated with low birth weight than to insufficient birth weight. Based on the hierarchical Poisson regression modeling, the mother’s educational level and the number of prenatal care consultations weren’t statistically associated to insufficient birth weight. Insufficient birth weight determinants were found to be the same as of the low birth weight, in spite of the quantitative and qualitative limitations of information available at Sinasc.