RESUMO
Epigenetics is the study of how external factors and internal cellular signals can lead to changes in the packaging and processing of DNA sequences, thereby altering the expression of genes and traits. Exploring the epigenome introduces students to environmental influences on our genes and the complexities of gene expression. A supplemental curriculum module developed by the Genetic Science Learning Center (GSLC) at the University of Utah brings epigenetics to high school and undergraduate classrooms through a range of online and paper-based activities. We describe these activities and provide strategies for incorporating both introductory and more advanced materials that explore "cell memory," epigenetic inheritance, nutrition, and emerging connections between the epigenome and behavior. Finally, we outline recent reach on student learning gains using the GSLC's epigenetics module and provide connections to the Next Generation Science Standards.
RESUMO
We report the first example of a monoclonal antibody-catalysed hydrolysis of a beta-lactam where the antibodies were generated by a simple transition-state analogue. A rat monoclonal antibody (1/91c/4d/26) generated by using an acyclic 4-nitrophenylphosphate immunogen catalysed the hydrolysis of corresponding 4-nitrophenyl carbonates but, more importantly, also catalysed the hydrolysis of N-(4-nitrophenyl)-azetidinone at pH 8 with k(cat)=8.7 x 10(-6)s(-1) and K(M)=35 microM. This is the first example of a rat monoclonal catalytic antibody.
