Albumin is synthesized in epididymis and aggregates in a high molecular mass glycoprotein complex involved in sperm-egg fertilization.

The epididymis has an important role in the maturation of sperm for fertilization, but little is known about the epididymal molecules involved in sperm modifications during this process. We have previously described the expression pattern for an antigen in epididymal epithelial cells that reacts with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) TRA 54. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses suggest that the epitope of the epididymal antigen probably involves a sugar moiety that is released into the epididymal lumen in an androgen-dependent manner and subsequently binds to luminal sperm. Using column chromatography, SDS-PAGE with in situ digestion and mass spectrometry, we have identified the protein recognized by mAb TRA 54 in mouse epididymal epithelial cells. The ∼65 kDa protein is part of a high molecular mass complex (∼260 kDa) that is also present in the sperm acrosomal vesicle and is completely released after the acrosomal reaction. The amino acid sequence of the protein corresponded to that of albumin. Immunoprecipitates with anti-albumin antibody contained the antigen recognized by mAb TRA 54, indicating that the epididymal molecule recognized by mAb TRA 54 is albumin. RT-PCR detected albumin mRNA in the epididymis and fertilization assays in vitro showed that the glycoprotein complex containing albumin was involved in the ability of sperm to recognize and penetrate the egg zona pellucida. Together, these results indicate that epididymal-derived albumin participates in the formation of a high molecular mass glycoprotein complex that has an important role in egg fertilization.

Effects of swimming on the testicular histomorphology of alcoholized rats / Efeitos da natação na histomorfologia testicular de ratos alcoolizados

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar se a prática do exercício físico de longa duração e baixa intensidade reverte as alterações observadas nos testículos de ratos submetidos à dependência alcoólica induzida pela ingestão semivoluntária. Foram distribuídos 40 ratos machos em quatro grupos: alcoolizado não-exercitado (ANE); alcoolizado com exercício (ACE); não-alcoolizado e não-exercitado (NANE); não-alcoolizado com exercício (NACE) . A aguardente (marca '51') foi oferecida nas seguintes diluições: 10% (10 dias), 15% (11 dias), 20% (12 dias), 25% (12 dias), 30% do 45º ao 120º dia, quando o álcool foi substituído por água. No 120º dia, os animais dos grupos NACE e ACE foram transferidos para nadar em tanques individuais com água na temperatura de 30º por 20 min., cinco dias semana- 1, durante oito semanas. No grupo ANE houve depleção do epitélio seminífero, enquanto nos ratos do grupo ACE, a maioria dos túbulos seminíferos estava inalterado. Comparado ao grupo ACE, houve redução no diâmetro tubular e na altura do epitélio seminífero no grupo ANE. Os resultados mostraram menor atrofia testicular nos animais que foram exercitados do que nos sedentários. O exercício físico, após a interrupção da ingestão de álcool, parece acelerar o processo de recuperação de tecidos lesados.

The objective of this study was to examine whether the practice of long-duration, low-intensity physical exercise helped reverse changes observed in the testes of rats subjected to alcohol dependence induced by semi-voluntary intake. Forty male rats were distributed into four groups: alcohol no exercise (ANE); alcohol with exercise (AWE); no alcohol no exercise (NANE); no alcohol with exercise (NAWE). The cachaça ("51" brand) was offered in the following dilutions: 10% (10 days), 15% (11 days), 20% (12 days), 25% (12 days), 30% from the 45th to 120th day, when the alcohol was replaced by drinking water. On the 120th day, the groups NAWE and AWE were assigned to swim in individual tanks with water temperature around 30ºC for 20 minutes, 5 days week- 1 for 8 weeks. In the ANE group there was a depletion of the seminiferous epithelium, while in AWE rats the majority of seminiferous tubules were unaltered. Compared to the AWE group, there were reductions in tubular diameter and the height of the seminiferous epithelium in the ANE group. The results showed lesser testicular atrophy in animals that exercised than in sedentary ones. Physical exercise after the discontinuation of alcohol seems to accelerate the process of recovery of damaged tissue.

Could maternal exposure to the antidepressants fluoxetine and St. John's Wort induce long-term reproductive effects on male rats?

Based on the limited number of studies that have investigated the adverse effects of maternal treatment with antidepressants on the development of male descendents, this study was carried out in rat in order to evaluate if maternal exposure to fluoxetine (FLX) or St. John's Wort (SJW) could disrupt the development of male offspring. The dams were treated daily, by gavage, with 7.5 mg/kg of FLX or 100 mg/kg SJW during pregnancy and lactation. The reproductive and behavior parameters were analyzed in male pups. Results showed decreases in the weight of the full seminal vesicle and in the number of spermatozoa. Moreover, FLX-exposed pups presented reduced seminiferous epithelium height and diameter of seminiferous tubules. The present study shows that maternal exposure to FLX, but not SJW could interfere on reproductive parameters in adult male rats.

Morphometric-stereological and functional epididymal alterations and a decrease in fertility in rats treated with finasteride and after a 30-day post-treatment recovery period.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphometric-stereological changes in the epididymal caput, sperm quality, and fertility parameters in rats treated with finasteride and after a 30-day post-treatment recovery period. DESIGN: Experimental study in a research laboratory. SETTING: Reproductive biology research laboratory. ANIMAL(S): Male and female Sprague Dawley rats. INTERVENTION(S): Treatment with finasteride (5 mg/kg/day) for 56 days followed by 30 days without treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum hormone analyses, morphometric-stereological and ultrastructural evaluation of the epididymal caput, sperm transit time, natural mating, in utero insemination, sperm membrane integrity, and fertility parameters. RESULT(S): Serum dihydrotestosterone levels in the finasteride group decreased by ~40% compared with that of control rats. Ultrastructural analysis revealed significant reductions in several morphometric-stereological parameters of the epididymal caput. All parameters recovered significantly in the post-treatment period. There was no alteration in daily sperm production in the finasteride group. However, significant reductions in sperm transit time, motility, sperm membrane integrity, and fertility parameters were observed in rats treated with finasteride. CONCLUSION(S): Treatment with finasteride caused morphometric-stereological and functional changes in the epididymis and in sperm function that led to a reduction in fertility parameters. A 30-day post-treatment recovery period was insufficient to restore normal sperm motility, sperm transit time, and some fertility parameters.