RESUMO
The diversity of MSP1 in both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax is presumed be associated to parasite immune evasion. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity of the most variable domain of vaccine candidate N-terminal PvMSP1 (Block 2) in field isolates of Manaus. Forty-seven blood samples the polymorphism of PvMSP1 Block 2 generates four fragment sizes. In twenty-eight of them, sequencing indicated seven haplotypes of PvMSP1 Block 2 circulating among field isolates. Evidence of striking exchanges was observed with two stretches flanking the repeat region and two predicted recombination sites were described. Single nucleotide polymorphisms determined with concurrent infections per patient indicated that nonsynonymous substitutions occurred preferentially in the repeat-rich regions which also were predicted as B-cell epitopes. The comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity of the promising Block 2 associated with clinical immunity and a reduced risk of infection by Plasmodium vivax would be important for the rationale of malaria vaccine designs.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Protozoários/genética , Epitopos de Linfócito B/química , Proteína 1 de Superfície de Merozoito/genética , Plasmodium vivax/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antígenos de Protozoários/química , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Brasil , Epitopos de Linfócito B/imunologia , Haplótipos , Humanos , Evasão da Resposta Imune , Malária Vivax/imunologia , Malária Vivax/parasitologia , Proteína 1 de Superfície de Merozoito/química , Proteína 1 de Superfície de Merozoito/imunologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Plasmodium vivax/imunologia , Plasmodium vivax/isolamento & purificação , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a women population living within the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and to determine the viral genotypes found. The study included 361 sexually active women over 18 years of age. We performed the Pap test and the molecular diagnosis for HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons obtained were sequenced in automatic sequencer for genotyping. The presence of HPV DNA was found in 29.1% (105) of the women. Only 321 women presented satisfactory slides for cytological diagnosis, 97.9% (314) had normal cytology (negative for cancer), and 2.1% (7) had abnormal cytology (4 ASCUS, 1 LSIL, and 2 HSIL). The types more frequently found were HPV 16 (58.1%) and HPV 58 (20.0%). Additionally, we found more 13 types of HPV. Compared with previous studies in Brazil, our data confirmed a high prevalence and genotypic diversity of HPV in Brazilian women.
