Dental bleaching with violet LED: Effects on dentin color change, resin-dentin bond strength, hybrid layer nanohardness and dentinal collagen biostability.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a novel dental bleaching technique with Violet LED on enamel color change, bond strength and hybrid layer nanomechanical properties in resin-dentin restoration, and dentin biostability. METHODS: A total of 125 bovine incisors were distributed into a control group, violet LED group (LED), and 35 % peroxide hydrogen bleaching gel (BLG) groups (n = 15). Three 45-minute sessions were performed for both bleaching procedures every week. Enamel color change (ΔE, ΔL, and Δb) was determined after every bleaching session. After color analysis, dentin was exposed for the resin-dentin bond strength analysis using microtensile test and evaluation of the nanomechanical properties at the hybrid layer (nanohardness). While half of the specimens were tested immediately, the remaining were evaluated after 10,000 thermal cycles (TC). Thirty additional teeth were used to investigate dentin ultimate tensile strength (UTS) after the bleaching treatments. UTS was evaluated before and after an enzymatic challenge. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post-test were used for the statistical analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Enamel bleaching effect was observed in the LED and BLG groups with significant alterations in the ΔE, ΔL, and Δb in the BLG group. No difference was observed in the resin-dentin bond strength among the groups (p > 0.05), however, TC negatively affected the bond strength values for all the groups. Nanomechanical properties ​​remained unchanged when comparing immediate and after TC results (p > 0.05). Bleaching with BLG reduced significantly the dentin UTS, while all groups showed major decrease in UTS after the enzymatic challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Although violet LED was able to promote a bleaching effect, less color changes was observed when compared to BLG. None of the bleaching techniques effected the resin-bond strength or the nanomechanics of the hybrid layer. Violet LED did negatively effect dentin biostability as observed for BLG and it may promote less changes to the organic content of dentin.

Evaluation of the color change and tooth sensitivity in treatments that associate violet LED with carbamide peroxide 10 %: A randomized clinical trial of a split-mouth design.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and post-operative sensitivity of 10 % carbamide peroxide (PC) with or without violet LED (VL). METHODS: Thirty patients were selected and were instructed to perform home bleaching treatment using PC 10 %, for 8 h daily, for 21 days. All patients underwent in-office irradiation of only one hemiarch with VL for 30 min, twice per week for three weeks, totaling six clinical sessions of irradiation. The treatment used for each hemiarch was determined randomly. The analyses were performed at the initial time and 7, 14, and 21 days after the start of treatment and 7 and 14 days after the end of the bleaching treatment. For color analysis, digital spectrophotometry was done using the Visual Analog Scale and cold detection was performed using the thermo-sensory analysis II (TSA II) equipment. The ANOVA-two way with repeated measures and the Tukey test (α = 0.05) were used for the color and cold sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: On analyzing the color change, it was observed that the hemiarch that was irradiated with VL presented the highest values compared with the side that did not receive irradiation. Regarding tooth sensitivity, there was no report of any patient experiencing discomfort during the bleaching protocol. Analysis of the dental thermal sensation threshold showed that the use of VL made the teeth more sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the VL provided a positive effect on color alteration when used in conjunction with 10 % PC. However, the use of this new protocol made the teeth more sensitive.

Clinical analysis of color change and tooth sensitivity to violet LED during bleaching treatment: A case series with split-mouth design.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze bleaching treatment performed with different products, with or without the use of Violet LED. METHODS: The color and dental sensitivity of six patients were evaluated as follows: (1)at-home bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide (CP); (2)in-office bleaching with 17.5% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP), and (3)treatment with a placebo gel. All patients, including patients receiving at-home bleaching, received irradiation with violet LED in the office. The right hemiarch was protect with silicone. The color was evaluated using Vita Easyshade digital spectrophotometer and the Vita scale on teeth 13-23. Visual analog scale sensitivity analysis was performed per hemiarch, while the thermal sensation threshold was performed on teeth 11, 13, 21 and 23. RESULTS: Regarding the color change (ΔE) it can be observed that treatment 1, in which 10%CP was used, presented the highest values, followed by treatment 2, in which 17.5%HP was used. Regarding sensitivity, only patients who received 17.5%HP showed moderate sensitivity, and there was no difference between the arches. The analysis of dental thermal sensation threshold showed that there was more dental sensitization between 7 and 14 days and that the use of violet LED made the teeth more sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that violet LED enhanced the bleaching effect when used with 10%PC gels, and a discreet effect was seen when used either in conjunction with 17.5%PH or alone. Violet LED had no effect on pain sensation, but increased the detection threshold of thermal changes in the teeth that were irradiated.

Clareamento dentário com LED violeta: efeitos na alteração cromática, resistência de união, nanodureza da camada híbrida e resistência do colágeno / Dental bleaching with violet light: effects on color change, bonding strength, nanohardness of hybrid layer and collagen strength

O propósito deste projeto foi investigar a alteração cromática, resistência de união de restaurações resinosas à dentina, bem como analisar nanodureza da camada híbrida e a resistência coesiva do colágeno dentinário, após realização de diferentes técnicas clareadoras. Para tanto, 75 dentes bovinos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos: Grupo controle; Grupo LED e Grupo GEL. Em seguida, 45 dentes (n=15) foram destinados à análise da alteração cromática, sendo posteriormente preparados, restaurados e seccionados em palitos. Metade das amostras foram submetidas aos testes de resistência de união e propriedades mecânicas da camada híbrida, o restante sofreu 10000 ciclos térmicos antes das avaliações. Os 30 dentes remanescentes foram empregados na análise da resistência coesiva do colágeno (n=10), que foi realizada imediatamente após a realização dos tratamentos clareadores, bem como após a ação da colagenase. Os dados obtidos da cor, resistência de união, propriedades mecânicas e resistência coesiva do colágeno foram analisados quanto à normalidade utilizando o teste Shapiro-Wilk e submetidos ao teste ANOVA dois fatores com medidas repetidas e pós teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Houve alteração cromática em Grupo LED e GEL, com maiores alterações de ∆E, ∆L e ∆b em GEL. No teste de adesão somente a termociclagem interferiu nos resultados, apresentando menores valores em todos os grupos. Valores de nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade permaneceram inalterados após os tratamentos (p>0,05), enquanto que no teste de resistência coesiva do colágeno, na análise imediata o Grupo GEL apresentou diferença do controle, apresentando menores valores, sendo LED semelhante à ambos. Avaliando os grupos após degradação enzimática, observa-se o mesmo comportamento. Todos os grupos sofreram influência da degradação enzimática (p<0,05), com menores valores de resistência após o desafio. Portanto, o emprego do LED violeta apresentou alteração cromática, porém, em menor intensidade que o uso de géis à base de peróxidos. Não houve alterações nas propriedades mecânicas e adesivas, no entanto, houve menor resistência coesiva do colágeno após o tratamento com gel, bem como, após degradação enzimática em todos os grupos avaliados(AU)

The aim of this project was to investigate the chromatic alteration, bond strength of dentin resin restorations, as well as to analyze the nanohardness of the hybrid layer and the cohesive strength of dentin collagen, after performing different bleaching techniqu es. For this, 75 bovine teeth were randomly distributed: Control group; LED Group and GEL Group. Then, 45 teeth (n = 15) were destined to the analysis of the color change, being subsequently prepared, restored and sectioned on sticks. Half of the samples w ere submitted to the bond strength and mechanical properties tests of the hybrid layer, the remaining 10000 thermal cycles before the evaluations. The remaining 30 teeth were used to analyze collagen cohesive resistance (n = 10), which was performed immedi ately after bleaching treatments, as well as after collagenase action. The data obtained on color, bond strength, mechanical properties and collagen cohesive resistance were analyzed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and submitted to the twoway ANOVA test with repeated measures and Tukey test (α = 0.05). . There was chromatic alteration in LED and GEL Group, with larger alterations of ∆E, ∆L and ∆b in GEL. In the adhesion test only thermocycling interfered in the results, presenting lower values in all groups. Nanohardness and modulus of elasticity values remained unchanged after the treatments (p> 0.05), while in the collagen cohesive resistance test, in the immediate analysis the GEL Group presented a control difference, presenting lower value \ LED similar to both. . Evaluating the groups after enzymatic s, being degradation, the same behavior is observed. All groups were influenced by enzymatic degradation (p <0.05), with lower resistance values of violet L after challenge. Therefore, the use ED showed chromatic alteration, however, to a lesser extent than the use of peroxidebased gels. There were no changes in mechanical and adhesive properties, however, there was less cohesive collagen resistance after gel treatment, as well as after enzymat ic degradation in all groups evaluated(AU)