Ischemic Postconditioning and Subanesthetic S(+)-Ketamine Infusion: Effects on Renal Function and Histology in Rats.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning (IP) in renal Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) models improves renal function after IRI. Ketamine affords significant benefits against IRI-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study investigated the effects of IP and IP associated with subanesthetic S(+)-ketamine in ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI. METHODS: Forty-one Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: CG (10), control; KG (10), S(+)-ketamine infusion; IPG (10), IP; and KIPG (11), S(+)-ketamine infusion + IP. All rats underwent right nephrectomy. IRI and IP were induced only in IPG and KIPG by left kidney arterial occlusion for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Complete reperfusion was preceded by three cycles of 2 min of reocclusion followed by 2 min of reperfusion. Renal function was assessed by measuring serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Tubular damage was evaluated by renal histology. RESULTS: Creatinine and BUN were significantly increased. Severe tubular injury was only observed in the groups with IRI (IPG and KIPG), whereas no injury was observed in CG or KG. No significant differences were detected between IPG and KIPG. CONCLUSIONS: No synergic effect of the use of subanesthetic S(+)-ketamine and IP on AKI was observed in this rat model.

Electrocardiographic Monitoring in Patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa: A New Proposal.

Epidermolysis bullosa causes serious blistering of the skin even with minor trauma. The use of standard electrodes, tapes, and adhesives is restricted in these patients because it exposes the skin to stretching and shearing forces that cause traumatic blister formation. We propose herein an alternative electrocardiographic monitoring technique to minimize cutaneous trauma.