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1.
Clin Ter ; 162(5): e145-53, 2011.
Artigo em Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22041813

RESUMO

Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in Western countries and is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite the constant recommendations of health care organizations regarding the importance of weight control, this goal often fails. Although there is a common agreement about the concept that exercise and diet are two key factors for the control of body weight, the ideal amount and type of exercise and also the ideal diet for weight control are still under debate. A widely accepted nutritional regime is the Mediterranean diet that has evident health benefits although less attention has been paid to see if the effects are due to other lifestyle factors which may contribute to the health benefits perhaps as much as specific food choices. There are several other options available to the physician that may produce good weight loss results in the short/medium term and also for maintenance of the goal achieved. One of these strategies is the ketogenic diet or VLCKD (very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet) that has been widely studied in recent years. Most studies show that this diet has a solid physiological and biochemical basis which is able to induce effective weight loss and improvement of several parameters of cardiovascular risk. This review discusses the physiological basis of VLCKD and the main applications together with its strengths and weaknesses compared to common dietary recommendations.


Assuntos
Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos , Dieta Cetogênica , Dieta Redutora , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos/efeitos adversos , Dieta Cetogênica/efeitos adversos , Dieta Mediterrânea , Dieta Redutora/efeitos adversos , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/metabolismo , Corpos Cetônicos/metabolismo , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Redução de Peso
2.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness ; 50(1): 43-51, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20308971

RESUMO

AIM: Circuit training is a very popular methodology in fitness program because it allows to join together cardiovascular and strength training. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological effects of circuit training performed at different intensities on body composition, strength and blood lactate in middle-aged subjects who had recently undergone only minimum physical training. METHODS: Forty participants (aged 50-65) were assigned to a control group (CG) or to one of the three exercise treatment groups: Endurance Group (EG), Circuit-Low Intensity Group (CLG), Circuit-High Intensity Group (CHG). The three groups exercised three times per week, 50 min per session for 12 wk using EG (N.=10), CLG (N.=10) or CHG (N.=10). Pre- and post-training, participants RESULTS: Among the three groups, CHG showed the greatest reductions in body weight (BW), percentage of fat mass (FM), waistline, blood lactate (produced at 100 Watt during submaximal test) and greater improvement in 6RM in horizontal leg press and underhand cable pulldowns. CONCLUSION: The results obtained favored the conclusion that high-intensity exercise combined with endurance training in the circuit training technique is more effective than endurance training alone or low intensity circuit training in improving body composition, blood lactate, moreover CHG results in significantly greater strength increase compared to traditional circuit training.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Lactatos/sangue , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido , Tecido Adiposo , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resistência Física/fisiologia
3.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness ; 40(1): 51-7, 2000 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10822909

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays an important role in oxidative mithocondrial phosphorylation and prevents lipid peroxidation in biological membranes. During sustained physical exercise, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increase through several mechanism; one of them is the purine nucleotide cycle activation by shifting xanthine-dehydrogenase to xanthine-oxidase during AMP breakdown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CoQ10 treatment on aerobic power. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: according to a single blind study design, 28 health male cyclists were randomized into two groups (CoQ10 or placebo) and remained on treatments for eight weeks; there were 5 drop-outs and only 23 subjects were completely evaluated. Before and at the end of the eight weeks, cyclists underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing. MEASURES: a software system performed the necessary calculations to obtain the following parameters: oxygen uptake, CO2 production, minute ventilation, oxygen ventilatory equivalent, carbon dioxide ventilatory equivalent, oxygen pulse. Finally oxygen peak and anaerobic threshold were determined. Moreover blood inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, lactate and CoQ10 levels were measured before and immediately after each test. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that at the end of the eight weeks there was no difference between the two groups concerning physiological and metabolic parameters, but muscular exhaustion was reached at higher workloads in the CoQ10 group. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience ubidecarenone oral treatment does not improve aerobic power. The little improvement of tolerance to higher workloads may be due to the antioxidant activity of CoQ10.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Tolerância ao Exercício/efeitos dos fármacos , Exercício Físico , Aptidão Física , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Ciclismo/fisiologia , Coenzimas , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Método Simples-Cego , Ubiquinona/farmacologia
4.
Mech Ageing Dev ; 121(1-3): 251-61, 2000 Dec 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11164478

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous reports have shown elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in elderly person with impaired cognition. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between cognitive status and plasma tHcy levels in centenarians. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Centenarians living in two northern Italian provinces. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen cognitively normal centenarians, ten cognitively impaired not-demented centenarians, and 34 demented centenarians with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MEASUREMENTS: Blood levels of homocysteine's biological determinants vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin B6. RESULTS: Elevated plasma tHcy levels (>17 micromol/l) were common in the general population (77% of normal centenarians, 100% of cognitively impaired not-demented centenarians, 82% of AD centenarians). Demented centenarians had the lowest folate serum levels. Low or borderline vitamin B12 serum levels (<221 pmol/l) and low vitamin B6 plasma levels (<11.7 nmol/l) were found in 33 and 66% of all centenarians independently of cognitive status. Among demented centenarians only plasma tHcy correlated inversely with both serum vitamin B12 and folate. No significant difference was found for plasma tHcy levels among the three diagnostic groups, even after adjusting for B vitamin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperhomocysteinemia is very common among centenarians, probably due to vitamin deficiencies, but does not seem to be associated with cognitive impairment.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/sangue , Transtornos Cognitivos/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Demência/sangue , Demência Vascular/sangue , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Piridoxina/sangue , Valores de Referência , Vitamina B 12/sangue
5.
Horm Metab Res ; 31(11): 620-4, 1999 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10598831

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Oxygen free radicals (OFR) play a role in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in many pathological conditions via the peroxidation of membrane phospholipids. Experimental studies showed an elevated oxidative stress during hyperthyroidism, which is reduced by treatment. Therapy per se might decrease oxidative stress. DESIGN: Fasting plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 were measured in 22 hyperthyroid patients, before treatment for their thyroid disease, after 13.9 [SD 9.2] weeks, when they achieved an euthyroid state on thyrostatic drugs, and again after 47.7 [21.0] weeks, off therapy. No patient presented additional risk factors for increased lipoperoxidation and/or increased OFR levels. Smokers were asked to abstain from smoking overnight. METHODS: All analytes were measured by HPLC. RESULTS: In hyperthyroidism, plasma levels of TBARS were increased, whereas vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 were reduced. Average levels of TBARS and antioxidant agents returned to normal in euthyroid patients, without differences in relation to stop of thyrostatic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the presence of oxidative stress and decreased anti-oxidant metabolites in hyperthyroid patients, which are corrected in euthyroidism, without any influence of thyrostatic drugs per se. Nutritional support with antioxidant agents, which are defective during hyperthyroidism, is warranted.


Assuntos
Antitireóideos/administração & dosagem , Doença de Graves/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Graves/metabolismo , Metimazol/administração & dosagem , Estresse Oxidativo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Coenzimas , Feminino , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Propiltiouracila/administração & dosagem , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Tireoidite Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Tireoidite Autoimune/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/metabolismo , Vitamina E/metabolismo
6.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness ; 39(2): 123-7, 1999 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10399420

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A laboratory-based model able to describe muscle energy status during physical exercise and changes in myofibrillar composition in response to training would be desirable. Lactate and ammonia concentrations are not sufficient for a comprehensive knowledge of these systems. All muscle fibres, irrespective of the type, show ATP depletion and IMP accumulation following exhausting muscular exercise with quantitative differences due to the different concentrations of deaminase. We studied the plasma concentration of metabolites of oxypurine cascade to test their reliability to classify different exercises. METHODS: We studied 52 athletes, measuring plasma metabolites at the beginning and at the end of their specific field exercise (cycle pursuers, 8 cases; soccer players, 19; marathon runners, 25). K3EDTA-blood samples were assayed for plasma hypoxanthine, xanthine, and inosine, using an HPLC technique, as well as ammonia and lactate by means of enzymatic methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Basal oxypurines levels were not different in relation to any specific physical exercise. Post-exercise oxypurines, namely hypoxanthine, were more precise predictors of muscle energy exhaustion than strain intensity or duration. Plasma levels of hypoxanthine may be elevated also in the presence of normal xanthine and uric acid concentrations, due to an exhaustion of the enzymatic pathway, to a reduced activity of xanthine-oxidase or finally to a substrate-dependent inhibition of the process.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Hipoxantina/sangue , Inosina/sangue , Xantina/sangue , Amônia/sangue , Análise de Variância , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Fadiga Muscular , Ácido Úrico/sangue
7.
J Hum Hypertens ; 11(3): 157-62, 1997 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9175567

RESUMO

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and many studies have established a relationship between plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) and sympathetic nervous activity (SNA). Furthermore, it has been suggested that climacteric women are more exposed to psychosocial stress which can produce a transient rise in blood pressure (BP) and, with time, determine a hypertensive state. Plasma NE and E levels were measured at rest and after physiological stimulation (head-up tilt test) in 20 hypertensive (BP: 146 +/- 13/101 +/- 4 mm Hg) and in 20 normotensive women (BP: 132 +/- 7/85 +/- 4 mm Hg). Women in each of these two groups were further subdivided according to their climacteric status (10 premenopausal and 10 postmenopausal women). No difference in NE values at rest was found between groups and subgroups. During head-up tilt test, Ln NE plasma values increased in normotensive and hypertensive groups; the rise was significantly higher in hypertensive than in normotensive women (P < 0.01). In climacteric subgroups, Ln NE appeared markedly increased above resting levels in pre- and postmenopausal hypertensive women when their position was changed from supine to upright (P < 0.01). Since high plasma NE levels after stimulation (head-up tilt) are associated with sympathetic overactivity, we conclude that SNA is involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in climacteric women.


Assuntos
Epinefrina/sangue , Hipertensão/sangue , Norepinefrina/sangue , Pós-Menopausa/sangue , Pré-Menopausa/sangue , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiopatologia
8.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness ; 37(3): 194-9, 1997 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9407750

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A laboratory-based model which links regional and central fatigue during physical exercise has not yet developed. Today we can assay the oxypurines, a specific and sensible marker of muscle cell-energy exhaustion during strenuous physical exercise, thus allowing us to insight in peripheral fatigue mechanisms. Prolonged physical exercise modifies plasma free amino acids and fatty acids levels, increases plasma free tryptophan (fTrp) and, conversely, probably serotonin, an amine involved in the genesis of central fatigue. We tried to verify if there is a correlation between central and peripheral fatigue. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied 29 male marathon runners before marathon, at the arrival, one and three days after the run. MEASURES: Plasma samples were assayed for amino acids, fTrp serotonin, xanthine, hypoxanthine inosine, cortisol. Urine samples were assayed for serotonin and hydroxyin-doleacetic acid (5HIAA). RESULTS: After the competition we observed a decrease in plasma fTrp but an increased ratio fTrp/sum of neutral amino acids with a normalization after 24 hours. No significant changes were observed in plasma and urinary serotonin and 5HIAA. Hypoxanthine and inosine increased at the end of the trial and returned to basal levels the day after. Cortisol increased at the end of the run but was reduced after 24 and 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS: In our athletes we observed only indirect signs of fTrp involvement in the genesis of central fatigue. Oxypurines seem to be a good marker of regional muscular fatigue. Plasma cortisol expresses the stress reaction to the competition and its exhaustion after a prolonged physical exercise.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/análise , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Fadiga Muscular/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Adulto , Aminoácidos/sangue , Aminoácidos/urina , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/sangue , Biomarcadores/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fadiga/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/urina , Hipoxantina/sangue , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Inosina/sangue , Masculino , Fenilalanina/sangue , Purinas/análise , Serotonina/sangue , Serotonina/urina , Triptofano/sangue , Tirosina/sangue , Xantina/sangue
9.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr ; 22 Suppl 1: 539-43, 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18653091

RESUMO

Male aging is associated with alterations in plasma levels of antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) , and with a decrease of the fat-free body mass (FFM). In order to reveal, whether these changes can affect CoQ(10) metabolism, 73 non-obese, healthy males were studied, in age range 22-100 years, divided in 4 age groups: 20-55 (n = 23); 56-70 (n = 20); 71-90 (n = 8) and 91-100 (n =22). Serum CoQ(10) was measured by HPLC technique. Body composition was assessed by multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. Subjects aged 91-100 years displayed lower serum CoQ(10) levels and FFM than the other age-groups (p <0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed significant correlations between FFM and age (r = -0.82, p < 0.00001), serum CoQ(10) and age (r = -0.35, p <0.01). and serum CoQ(10) and FFM (r = -0.49, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis confirmed the correlation between serum CoQ(10) and FFM (p < 0.01), but did not for serum CoQ(10) and age. The proportion of FFM decreases with age. CoQ10 levels are also lower in older people, but they seem to be linked to FFM and not to aging itself. Since muscle tissue is the major component of FFM, and a reduction of the metabolic rate is another feature of aging, serum CoQ(10) may be an indirect index of metabolic activity in the elderly.

10.
Liver ; 14(3): 138-40, 1994 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8078393

RESUMO

Ubiquinone (CoQ10 coenzyme) is part of the respiratory chain in mitochondria, and acts as a scavenger in oxidative stress in cell membranes. Ubiquinone is mainly synthesized in the liver and partly derived from the diet; its plasma levels significantly correlate with tissue levels in experimental animals and in pathological states in man. By means of an original high-performance liquid chromatography technique, we measured ubiquinone plasma levels in 10 healthy subjects, in 27 patients with cirrhosis and in 22 chronic alcoholics with normal liver function. Ubiquinone levels were markedly reduced in cirrhosis (0.25 [SD 0.21] microgram/ml vs. 0.92 [0.38] in controls; P < 0.001), without any difference between alcohol- and non-alcohol-related disease. Also, in chronic alcoholics ubiquinone levels were nearly halved (0.49 [0.24]). In cirrhosis, ubiquinone plasma levels significantly correlated with cholesterol (P < 0.05), and with total bilirubin levels (P < 0.01). Our study highlights a remarkable deficiency in ubiquinone levels in patients with cirrhosis and in chronic alcoholics, to which both reduced hepatic synthesis and nutritional defects may contribute.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/enzimologia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/enzimologia , Cirrose Hepática/enzimologia , Ubiquinona/sangue , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Int J Clin Lab Res ; 24(3): 171-6, 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7819598

RESUMO

Ubiquinone is a carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain which regulates oxidative phosphorylation: it also acts as a membrane stabilizer preventing lipid peroxidation. In man the quinone ring originates from tyrosine, while the formation of the polyisoprenoid lateral chain starts from acetyl CoA and proceeds through mevalonate and isopentenylpyrophosphate; this biosynthetic pathway is the same as the cholesterol one. We therefore performed this study to evaluate whether statins (hypocholesterolemic drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) modify blood levels of ubiquinone. Thirty unrelated outpatients with primary hypercholesterolemia (IIa phenotype) were treated with 20 mg of simvastatin for a 3-month period (group S) or with 20 mg of simvastatin plus 100 mg CoQ10 (group US). The following parameters were evaluated at time 0, and at 45 and 90 days: total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo A1, Apo B and CoQ10 in plasma and in platelets. In the S group, there was a marked decrease in total cholesterol low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and in plasma CoQ10 levels from 1.08 mg/dl to 0.80 mg/dl. In contrast, in the US group we observed a significant increase of plasma CoQ10 (from 1.20 to 1.48 mg/dl) while the hypocholesterolemic effect was similar to that observed in the S group. Platelet CoQ10 also decreased in the S group (from 104 to 90 ng/mg) and increased in the US group (from 95 to 145 ng/mg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Lovastatina/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/sangue , Ubiquinona/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Lovastatina/farmacologia , Masculino , Sinvastatina
13.
Mol Aspects Med ; 15 Suppl: s187-93, 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7752830

RESUMO

The biosynthetic pathway of the CoQ polyisoprenoid side chain, starting from acetyl-CoA and proceeding through mevalonate and isopentenylpyrophosphate, is the same as that of cholesterol. We performed this study to evaluate whether vastatins (hypocholesterolemic drugs that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase) modify blood levels of ubiquinone. Thirty-four unrelated outpatients with hypercholesterolemia (IIa phenotype) were treated with 20 mg of simvastatin for a 6-month period (group S) or with 20 mg of simvastatin plus 100 mg CoQ10 (group US). The following parameters were evaluated at time 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days: total plasma cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apo A1, apo B and CoQ10 in plasma and platelets. In the S group, there was a marked decrease in TC and LDL-C (from 290.3 mg/dl to 228.7 mg/dl for TC and from 228.7 mg/dl to 167.6 mg/dl for LDL-C) and in plasma CoQ10 levels from 1.08 mg/dl to 0.80 mg/dl. In contrast, in the US group we observed a significant increase of CoQ10 in plasma (from 1.20 to 1.48 mg/dl) while the hypocholesterolemic effect was similar to that observed in the S group. Platelet CoQ10 also decreased in the S group (from 104 to 90 ng/mg) and increased in the US group (from 95 to 145 ng/mg). This study demonstrates that simvastatin lowers both LDL-C and apo B plasma levels together with the plasma and platelet levels of CoQ10, and that CoQ10 therapy prevents both plasma and platelet CoQ10 decrease, without affecting the cholesterol lowering effect of simvastatin.


Assuntos
Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/tratamento farmacológico , Lovastatina/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/sangue , Apolipoproteínas B/sangue , Apoproteínas/sangue , Plaquetas/química , Colesterol/sangue , Coenzimas , Estudos Cross-Over , Eletrocardiografia , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/sangue , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Lovastatina/farmacologia , Lovastatina/uso terapêutico , Mioglobina/sangue , Oxirredução , Sinvastatina , Resultado do Tratamento , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ubiquinona/química , Ubiquinona/farmacologia , Ubiquinona/uso terapêutico
14.
Mol Aspects Med ; 15 Suppl: s221-30, 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7752834

RESUMO

Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) has emerged as a noninvasive reliable tool for in vivo study of human tissue bioenergetics. It detects and quantifies some phosphorylated compounds present in millimolar concentration inside the cell, including ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). By 31P-MRS we studied brain and skeletal muscle energy metabolism of three patients with retinitis pigmentosa before and after oral coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (100 mg/day). Before treatment we found a low PCr content in the brains of all patients, accompanied by a high [Pi] and high [ADP]. In two of three patients CoQ10 treatment resulted in a larger brain energy reserve mainly shown by an increased [PCr]. Abnormal muscle mitochondrial function was found only in one patient as shown by a reduced rate of PCr resynthesis after exercise. In this patient CoQ10 treatment resulted in an increased rate of PCr resynthesis. Our observations indicate that CoQ10 can improve mitochondrial functionality in the brain and skeletal muscle of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.


Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Mitocôndrias Musculares/química , Retinose Pigmentar/tratamento farmacológico , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Córtex Visual/química , Trifosfato de Adenosina/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Coenzimas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fosfatos/análise , Fosfocreatina/análise , Isótopos de Fósforo , Retinose Pigmentar/metabolismo , Ubiquinona/farmacologia , Ubiquinona/uso terapêutico
15.
J Chromatogr ; 593(1-2): 217-26, 1992 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1639907

RESUMO

Coenzyme (Co) Q10 was dissociated from lipoproteins in plasma by treatment with methanol and extraction with n-hexane. Subsequent clean-up on silica gel and C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges with complete recovery (99 +/- 1.2%) produced a clean extract. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation was performed on a C18 reversed-phase column. Three simple, rapid procedures are presented: HPLC with final UV (275 nm) detection, a microanalysis utilizing a three-electrode electrochemical detector and a microanalysis with column-switching HPLC and electrochemical detection. The methods correlate very well with classical ethanol-n-hexane extraction with UV detection. The identity and purity of the Co Q10 peak were investigated and the resulting methods were concluded to be suitable for total plasma Co Q10 determination. The average level in healthy subjects was 0.80 +/- 0.20 mg/l; the minimum detectable Co Q10 plasma level was 0.05 and 0.005 mg/l for UV and electrochemical detection, respectively. The methods were applied to many samples and the plasma Co Q10 reference values for healthy subjects, athletes, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and hypercholesterolaemic patients are given.


Assuntos
Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Coenzimas , Eletroquímica , Humanos , Ubiquinona/sangue
16.
Br J Cancer ; 64(4): 741-4, 1991 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1654986

RESUMO

Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFr) were measured using a radioligand binding assay, in membrane preparations from 51 human non-small cell lung cancers and in normal tissue of the same patients. The binding characteristics of EGFr were similar in tumour and normal lung membranes (range of dissociation constant of high affinity sites: 0.1-0.6 nM). However, the concentrations in tumours (median, 16.4 fmol mg-1 of protein; range, 1.5-176) were significantly higher than in normal tissues (median, 7.4 fmol mg-1 of protein; range, 1.9-13.4). The receptor levels in normal tissue were normally distributed. It was therefore possible to define a normal/pathologic cut-off level (12.9 fmol mg-1 of protein). In 57% of cases EGFr in cancer was higher than the cut-off. No relationships were found between receptor concentrations and positivity rates of EGFr and histology, stage, lymph node positivity and pT. A trend for a direct relation between receptor positivity and grading was found.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/química , Receptores ErbB/análise , Neoplasias Pulmonares/química , Pulmão/química , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
J Chromatogr ; 541(1-2): 273-84, 1991 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2037650

RESUMO

Previously two fully automated methods based on column switching and high-performance liquid chromatography have been described, one for plasma and urinary catecholamines and the other for catecholamine urinary metabolites. Improvements in these methods, after 3 years of routine application, are now reported. The sample processing scheme was changed in order to eliminate memory effects and, in the procedure for plasma catecholamines, a pre-analytical deproteinization step was added which enhances the analytical column lifetime. The applied voltages for the electrochemical detector have been optimized, resulting in an automated method, suitable for the simultaneous determination of vanillylmandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. The sensitivity of the methods allows the detection of 2-3 ng/l of plasma catecholamines and 0.01-0.06 mg/l of urinary metabolites. Also, it is possible to switch from one method to the other in only 30 min. The normal values obtained from 200 healthy people are reported, together with a list of 57 potential interfering substances tested.


Assuntos
Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/instrumentação , Catecolaminas/sangue , Catecolaminas/urina , Eletroquímica , Humanos
18.
Am Heart J ; 121(1 Pt 1): 44-51, 1991 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1985376

RESUMO

We tested the usefulness of a sustained intravenous infusion of nifedipine and a combination of nifedipine and metoprolol in the early management of 14 patients with unstable angina pectoris. After a 24-hour run-in period, nifedipine was titrated in a stepwise fashion (mean dose 27 +/- 7 micrograms/min). After nifedipine treatment coronary blood flow increased from 150 +/- 66 to 183 +/- 74 ml/min (p less than 0.05), whereas double product, myocardial oxygen consumption, and both arterial and coronary sinus (nor)epinephrine levels were unchanged. Myocardial lactate uptake increased from 3.4 +/- 26.1 to 31.3 +/- 26.6 mumol/min (p less than 0.005) and free fatty acid uptake from 7.2 +/- 22.1 to 34.5 +/- 33.7 mumol/min (p less than 0.05). A small nonsignificant improvement in amino acid metabolism was observed. Metoprolol was added in seven patients and led to a decrease in double product (-2.2 +/- 1.6 x 10(3); p less than 0.01) and myocardial oxygen consumption (-3.2 +/- 3.8 ml/min; p less than 0.05). The lactate uptake/oxygen uptake ratio increased by 18% after metoprolol (p = NS). The number of episodes of chest pain decreased from 2.4 +/- 1.1/24 hours to 0.1 +/- 0.2 in the nifedipine group and from 2.9 +/- 1.1/24 hours to 0.3 +/- 0.5 in the nifedipine plus metoprolol group (both p less than 0.01). We conclude that in the acute phase of unstable angina, intravenous nifedipine can be carefully titrated to improve coronary blood flow and oxidative metabolism. The addition of metoprolol is also associated with a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. This treatment results in significant hemodynamic stability.


Assuntos
Angina Instável/tratamento farmacológico , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Metoprolol/uso terapêutico , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Nifedipino/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Angina Instável/metabolismo , Angina Instável/fisiopatologia , Circulação Coronária/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas/métodos , Lactatos/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nifedipino/administração & dosagem , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Regressão
19.
J Chromatogr ; 465(1): 113-9, 1989 Mar 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2468686

RESUMO

The urinary catecholamine metabolites, vanimandelic acid, homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, were extracted on a silica-bonded strong-anion-exchanger cartridge (SAX) and then injected into an high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system by column switching. Chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase analytical column with electrochemical detection. Full automation was obtained by coupling two devices: a solid-phase automatic sampler and intelligent autosampler. For each substance the recovery was greater than 95% and the coefficient of variation was ca. 3%; the analysis takes 11 min. Substance instability problems are overcome, because the samples are extracted and injected in rapid succession. The normal values and correlation with manual HPLC were established for a large number of samples.


Assuntos
Ácido 3,4-Di-Hidroxifenilacético/urina , Ácido Homovanílico/urina , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/urina , Fenilacetatos/urina , Ácido Vanilmandélico/urina , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/instrumentação , Eletroquímica , Humanos
20.
G Ital Med Lav ; 9(1): 31-7, 1987 Jan.
Artigo em Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2850256

RESUMO

The results of a study on 68 VDT operators are hereby presented. Various biochemical indexes are evaluated as markers of stress. In particular, urinary catecholamines and their metabolites (E, NE, DA, HVA, VMA), ACTH, cortisol, NEFA and fructosamine have been tested by the Authors. Each assay has been performed both in basal conditions, and after the completion of subjects workshift, taking into account the normal hormonal biorhythms. The data which emerged have been analyzed by statistical method ("Student t" with coupled data). Each subject data was confronted before and after workshift. The number of hours of VDT exposure and the different types of duties have been considered and evaluated. The results show that, although the data are all included within the normal range, some of the tested parameters after workshift are significantly higher, compared with the same parameters referring to the basal condition. In particular, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine seem to be the most effective markers of stress. Analogous studies will be pursued in the future by the Authors on a larger number of VDT operators.


Assuntos
Sistemas Computacionais , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Estresse Fisiológico/diagnóstico , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Adulto , Dopamina/urina , Epinefrina/urina , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Feminino , Frutosamina , Hexosaminas/sangue , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Norepinefrina/urina , Estresse Fisiológico/etiologia , Estresse Fisiológico/metabolismo
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