RESUMO
The production of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in Datura stramonium has been investigated in the different plant parts, at different stages of their life cycle. Maximum contents were found in the stems and leaves of young plants, hyoscyamine being always the predominant component.
Assuntos
Derivados da Atropina/análise , Atropina/análise , Datura stramonium/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Plantas Medicinais , Plantas Tóxicas , Escopolamina/análise , Datura stramonium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Estruturas Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of some amphetamines and their analogs isolated from urine samples by solid phase micro-extraction with polydimethylsiloxane fibers are reported. The analytical method employed was gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry of head space samples.
Assuntos
3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina/análogos & derivados , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Alucinógenos/urina , Metanfetamina/urina , N-Metil-3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina/urina , 3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina/urina , HumanosRESUMO
Binding features of heroin in whole blood and in blood fractions were delineated by measuring the selective spin-lattice relaxation rates of heroin protons in physiologic conditions. Interaction with some receptor located in the whole human blood or in the human plasma was detected and the apparent binding constant calculated (K = 39 mol-1 dm3). Inferences about molecular dynamics of the bound heroin could be also gained.
Assuntos
Heroína/sangue , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Matemática , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
New Zealand male rabbits were exposed in an inhalation chamber to 3,000 ppm of n-hexane 8 h/day, 5 days/week for 24 weeks, resulting in a total of 120 exposures. After a further 120 days in clean air, morphologic examination of lungs by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed three important exposure-related lesions. These consisted of air space enlargement centered on respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts (centriacinar emphysema), scattered foci of pulmonary fibrosis, and papillary tumors of non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells. At TEM examination these tumors were rather homogeneous and were found to consist of cells showing both small and large electron dense ovoid granules in their cytoplasmic matrix, a feature that has been described for Clara cells. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Assuntos
Hexanos/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Enfisema Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , CoelhosRESUMO
One hundred and seventy-six plants of 22 different lots of Cannabis sativa L., grown at the Botanical Garden of Siena (Italy) were chromatographically analysed in order to define the cannabinoid content in their leaves. The content of the major cannabinoids, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol and cannabichromene, determined weekly in vegetative and floral leaves enabled the determination of the chemical types of the plants, according to Turner's classification. The plants were easily distinguishable in drug, intermediate and fiber types. The cannabinoid characteristic of each type remains predominant, as compared with the other cannabinoids, throughout the whole period of growth, including the floral stage and after harvesting. On this basis, the predominant concentration of a specific cannabinoid can be used reliably for forensic application concerning drug-suspected material in very young plants.
Assuntos
Canabinoides/análise , Cannabis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa , Medicina LegalRESUMO
A rapid and reliable fluorescence procedure is described as a test for the microscopical identification of the glandular hairs of Cannabis sativa. The proposed method, designated as the IFIM test (induced fluorescence identification for marijuana test), is based on the induction of a red fluorescence in cannabinoids by a hot clearing solution. The results, compared to those obtained by the classical RIM test, offer the possibility of more satisfactory identification of cannabis, hashish or marijuana in suspected samples.
Assuntos
Canabinoides/isolamento & purificação , Cannabis/citologia , Cannabis/análise , Microscopia de Fluorescência/métodosRESUMO
The identification and the quantitative estimation of cannabis constituents is important for forensic purposes. High resolution gas-chromatography gives better results than gas-liquid chromatography with packed columns, as it shows a better resolution and higher number of constituents. Different quantitative values were found with the two chromatographic procedures. High-pressure liquid chromatography revealed the presence of cannabinoid acids in fresh cut influorescences of cannabis plants. The ratio acid/neutral cannabinoid may be useful in supplying information about the age of the cannabis preparations.
Assuntos
Canabinoides/análise , Cannabis/análise , Cromatografia/métodos , Canabidiol/análise , Canabinol/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Dronabinol/análiseRESUMO
The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase was studied in lung homogenate from New Zealand rabbits exposed to 3000 p.p.m. of n-hexane 8 h per day for 8 days of filtered air. In hydrocarbon-treated animals all enzymes examined, except alkaline phosphatase, were markedly increased. The biochemical changes correlated well with the morphological changes and the results of cytological evaluation of bronchopulmonary lavage. It is suggested that high values in lung lysosomal enzymes from treated rabbits reflect the acute inflammation whilst the increase in lung glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase may depend upon reparative process subsequent to n-hexane-induced lung damage.
Assuntos
Hexanos/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatase Alcalina/análise , Animais , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/análise , Glucuronidase/análise , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/análise , Pulmão/enzimologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , CoelhosRESUMO
Rats were treated with HgCl2 and/or alcohol per os in a standard diet as to get a chronic intoxication. Histological and ultrastructural examination of the liver, GPT, GOT, LDH enzymatic activities, and toxicological mercury evaluation were performed. Liver cell degenerative changes with focal necrosis, and structural alteration and fibrosis were demonstrated in the group of rats treated with HgCl2. The combined administration of HgCl2 and alcohol did not result in more advanced lesions, even if steatosis could be demonstrated in the liver. An increase of the GPT, GOT and LDH enzymatic activities was demonstrated in the rats of both groups but it was higher in the rats treated with HgCl2 and alcohol combined. On the contrary, the liver and kidney mercury storage was higher in the rats treated with HgCl2 alone.