Características de carcaça e de não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros suplementados com sal forrageiro de Gliricidia sepium (Jacq. ) Walq / Characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs supplemented with fodder salt from Gliricidia sepium (Jacq. ) Walq

O presente experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a porcentagem de inclusão da espécie forrageira Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walq na confecção do sal forrageiro de gliricídia, por meio de características de carcaça e de não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros mestiços da raça Santa Inês, não castrados, com aproximadamente 180 dias de idade, peso vivo médio de 25kg, confinados, num delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, em que os tratamentos foram constituídos de zero (100% de NaCl), 93, 95, 97 e 99% de inclusão de feno de gliricídia (7, 5, 3 e 1% de NaCl na formulação do sal forrageiro, respectivamente). A suplementação com sal forrageiro de gliricídia não afetou (P>0,05) o peso vivo ao abate em jejum (28,39kg), peso de carcaça quente (9,76kg), rendimento de carcaça quente (34,12%), o peso de carcaça fria (9,42kg), o rendimento de carcaça fria (32,95%), as perdas de peso por resfriamento (3,40%), assim como o peso de vísceras brancas (2,19kg) e o peso de vísceras vermelhas (1,29kg). Porcentagem de inclusão de até 99% de gliricídia na confecção de sal forrageiro não altera (P>0,05) as características de carcaça e de não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walq forage species for the confection of the fodder salt gliricidia according to the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs. Thirty confined, not castrated crossbred Santa Inês lambs, ageing approximately 180 days, with mean live body weight of 25kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six repetitions. Treatments were zero (100% NaCl), 93, 95, 97 and 99% inclusion of gliricidia hay (7, 5, 3 and 1% NaCl in the formulation of fodder salt, respectively). The supplementation with gliricidia fodder salt did not affect (P>0.05) the fasting live body weight (28.39kg), hot carcass weight (9.76kg), hot carcass yield (34.12%), cold carcass weight (9.42kg), cold carcass yield (32.95%), chilling loss (3.40%), or white (2.19kg) and red viscera weight (1.29kg). The inclusion of up to 99% gliricidia in the production of fodder salt did not affect (P>0.05) the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs.

Características de carcaça e de não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros suplementados com sal forrageiro de Gliricidia sepium (Jacq. ) Walq / Characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs supplemented with fodder salt from Gliricidia sepium (Jacq. ) Walq

O presente experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a porcentagem de inclusão da espécie forrageira Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walq na confecção do sal forrageiro de gliricídia, por meio de características de carcaça e de não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros mestiços da raça Santa Inês, não castrados, com aproximadamente 180 dias de idade, peso vivo médio de 25kg, confinados, num delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, em que os tratamentos foram constituídos de zero (100% de NaCl), 93, 95, 97 e 99% de inclusão de feno de gliricídia (7, 5, 3 e 1% de NaCl na formulação do sal forrageiro, respectivamente). A suplementação com sal forrageiro de gliricídia não afetou (P>0,05) o peso vivo ao abate em jejum (28,39kg), peso de carcaça quente (9,76kg), rendimento de carcaça quente (34,12%), o peso de carcaça fria (9,42kg), o rendimento de carcaça fria (32,95%), as perdas de peso por resfriamento (3,40%), assim como o peso de vísceras brancas (2,19kg) e o peso de vísceras vermelhas (1,29kg). Porcentagem de inclusão de até 99% de gliricídia na confecção de sal forrageiro não altera (P>0,05) as características de carcaça e de não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros.(AU)

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walq forage species for the confection of the fodder salt gliricidia according to the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs. Thirty confined, not castrated crossbred Santa Inês lambs, ageing approximately 180 days, with mean live body weight of 25kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six repetitions. Treatments were zero (100% NaCl), 93, 95, 97 and 99% inclusion of gliricidia hay (7, 5, 3 and 1% NaCl in the formulation of fodder salt, respectively). The supplementation with gliricidia fodder salt did not affect (P>0.05) the fasting live body weight (28.39kg), hot carcass weight (9.76kg), hot carcass yield (34.12%), cold carcass weight (9.42kg), cold carcass yield (32.95%), chilling loss (3.40%), or white (2.19kg) and red viscera weight (1.29kg). The inclusion of up to 99% gliricidia in the production of fodder salt did not affect (P>0.05) the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs.(AU)

[Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from invasive infections at the Hospital de Niños of Santa Fe]. / Distribución de serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae aislados de infecciones invasoras en el Hospital de Niños de Santa Fe.

The serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae varies through time. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines showed a decreased prevalence of pneumococcal invasive isolates belonging to serotype 14 and an increase of serotypes not therein included. In 1993, the Hospital de Niños of Santa Fe began surveillance of the serotype distribution of invasive S. pneumoniae disease. In the period 2003-2005, 76 isolates were analysed by studying the correlation between serotype and pathology, age and MIC of penicillin. Serotype 14 was the most frequent followed by serotypes 1, 6B, 18C, 7F, 19 F and 5. Serotype 14 showed a statistically significant correlation with MICs of penicillin ranging from 0,5 to 2 mg/l. Although this serotype was more frequently observed in pneumonia than in meningitis, there was not a significant association with any particular pathology. Serotypes 14 and 1, were prevalent among children under and over 2 years old, respectively. Most of these isolates with MICs of penicillin = 2 mg/l, were from patients with pneumonia and not with meningitis. The serotype distribution was similar to that during the period 1993-99, with the exception of serotypes 18C, 4, 12F and 22F which had never been found before. The emergence of these serotypes makes it essential to continue surveillance to determine which conjugated vaccine formulation would be suitable to prevent the most frequent pneumococcal invasive infections.

Distribución de serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae aislados de infecciones invasoras en el Hospital de Niños de Santa Fe / Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from invasive infections at the Hospital de Niños of Santa Fe.

Con la introducción de vacunas conjugadas antineumocócicas se observó, en muchos países, disminución de aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae del serotipo 14 y aumento de aislamientos correspondientes a serotipos no incluidos en esas vacunas. En 1993, el Hospital de Niños de Santa Fe comenzó la vigilancia de la distribución de serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae invasores. En este trabajo se estudió la correlación entre serotipo y a) patología (neumonía/meningitis), b) edad (menor o mayor de dos años), y c) CIM de penicilina, para los serotipos aislados en el período 2003-2005. El serotipo predominante fue el 14, seguido del 1, 6B, 18C, 7F, 19F y 5. El serotipo 14 mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con valores de CIM de penicilina entre 0,5 y 2 mg/l, no así con alguna patología, aunque se lo halló con mayor frecuencia en neumonías que en meningitis. Los serotipos 14 y 1 prevalecieron en niños menores y mayores de 2 años, respectivamente. La CIM de penicilina = 2 mg/l se observó más en neumonías que en meningitis. La frecuencia relativa de los diferentes serotipos hallados fue semejante a la observada en el período 1993-99; no obstante, los serotipos 18C, 4, 12F y 22F no se habían encontrado antes. La aparición de nuevos serotipos convierte en importante la vigilancia, dada la necesidad de formular vacunas que los incluyan y que efectivamente prevengan las infecciones neumocócicas más comunes.

The serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae varies through time. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines showed a decreased prevalence of pneumococcal invasive isolates belonging to serotype 14 and an increase of serotypes not therein included. In 1993, the Hospital de Niños of Santa Fe began surveillance of the serotype distribution of invasive S. pneumoniae disease. In the period 2003 - 2005, 76 isolates were analysed by studying the correlation between serotype and pathology, age and MIC of penicillin. Serotype 14 was the most frequent followed by serotypes 1, 6B, 18C, 7F, 19 F and 5. Serotype 14 showed a statistically significant correlation with MICs of penicillin ranging from 0,5 to 2 mg/l. Although this serotype was more frequently observed in pneumonia than in meningitis, there was not a significant association with any particular pathology. Serotypes 14 and 1, were prevalent among children under and over 2 years old, respectively. Most of these isolates with MICs of penicillin = 2 mg/l, were from patients with pneumonia and not with meningitis. The serotype distribution was similar to that during the period 1993-99, with the exception of serotypes 18C, 4, 12F and 22F which had never been found before. The emergence of these serotypes makes it essential to continue surveillance to determine which conjugated vaccine formulation would be suitable to prevent the most frequent pneumococcal invasive infections.

Evaluation of a nested-PCR assay for Streptococcus pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia / Evaluación de una PCR anidada en pacientes pediátricos para diagnóstico de neumonía neumocócica adquirida en la comunidad

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the usefulness of a simplified method for DNA extraction coupled to a nested-PCR protocol, based on the amplification of pneumolysin gene fragments for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in pediatric patients with clinical and radiological evidence of bacterial infection. Bacterial DNA was extracted from sera by boiling and used without further purification in the PCR for the pneumolysin gene. None toxic reagents were used and the necessary steps to obtain the DNA were left at a minimum; furthermore, it overcomes the use of expensive commercial kits for DNA purification. The total procedure can be completed the same day of sampling and, most important, it avoids the use of sophisticated technology. Both in vitro analytical specificity and sensitivity (10 CFU/ml) of the assay were similar to those previously reported. When clinical samples were tested, the rate of positivity was shown to be 83.3% and 71% in pediatric patients with positive (group a) and negative blood cultures (group b), respectively. In group a, DNA detection was successful in samples from children without treatment or with less than 48 h of antibiotic therapy. None amplification was obtained from sera patients with viral infection or in samples from healthy controls. The application of the strategy described in this paper substantially seems to improve the diagnostic process in a determinate group: blood culture-negative children with pneumonia.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la utilidad de un método simplificado para extracción de ADN, acoplado a un protocolo de PCR anidada, basada en la amplificación de fragmentos del gen de la neumolisina para el diagnóstico de neumonía neumocócica en niños con evidencias clínicas y radiológicas de infección bacteriana. El ADN bacteriano fue extraído del suero por calentamiento y utilizado en la PCR para el gen de la neumolisina sin purificación posterior. Para la obtención de ADN no se utilizan reactivos tóxicos ni costosos "kits" comerciales. El procedimiento completo puede ser realizado en el día y lo que es más importante, evita el uso de tecnología sofisticada. La especificidad analítica in vitro y la sensibilidad (10 UFC/ml) del ensayo fueron similares a lo hallado en publicaciones anteriores. El porcentaje de muestras positivas fue del 83,3% y del 71% en los pacientes con hemocultivos positivos (grupo a) y negativos (grupo b), respectivamente. En el grupo a, sólo se obtuvieron resultados positivos mediante la PCR anidada en los pacientes no tratados o con menos de 48 hs de tratamiento antibiótico. No se obtuvieron señales de amplificación en los sueros de los pacientes con infecciones virales ni en las muestras del grupo control. La aplicación de la estrategia descripta incrementa la posibilidad diagnóstica de neumonía neumocócica en niños con hemocultivos negativos.

Evaluation of a nested-PCR assay for Streptococcus pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the usefulness of a simplified method for DNA extraction coupled to a nested-PCR protocol, based on the amplification of pneumolysin gene fragments for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in pediatric patients with clinical and radiological evidence of bacterial infection. Bacterial DNA was extracted from sera by boiling and used without further purification in the PCR for the pneumolysin gene. None toxic reagents were used and the necessary steps to obtain the DNA were left at a minimum; furthermore, it overcomes the use of expensive commercial kits for DNA purification. The total procedure can be completed the same day of sampling and, most important, it avoids the use of sophisticated technology. Both in vitro analytical specificity and sensitivity (10 CFU/ml) of the assay were similar to those previously reported. When clinical samples were tested, the rate of positivity was shown to be 83.3% and 71% in pediatric patients with positive (group a) and negative blood cultures (group b), respectively. In group a, DNA detection was successful in samples from children without treatment or with less than 48 h of antibiotic therapy. None amplification was obtained from sera patients with viral infection or in samples from healthy controls. The application of the strategy described in this paper substantially seems to improve the diagnostic process in a determinate group: blood culture-negative children with pneumonia.

Evaluation of a nested-PCR assay for Streptococcus pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the usefulness of a simplified method for DNA extraction coupled to a nested-PCR protocol, based on the amplification of pneumolysin gene fragments for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in pediatric patients with clinical and radiological evidence of bacterial infection. Bacterial DNA was extracted from sera by boiling and used without further purification in the PCR for the pneumolysin gene. None toxic reagents were used and the necessary steps to obtain the DNA were left at a minimum; furthermore, it overcomes the use of expensive commercial kits for DNA purification. The total procedure can be completed the same day of sampling and, most important, it avoids the use of sophisticated technology. Both in vitro analytical specificity and sensitivity (10 CFU/ml) of the assay were similar to those previously reported. When clinical samples were tested, the rate of positivity was shown to be 83.3

and 71

in pediatric patients with positive (group a) and negative blood cultures (group b), respectively. In group a, DNA detection was successful in samples from children without treatment or with less than 48 h of antibiotic therapy. None amplification was obtained from sera patients with viral infection or in samples from healthy controls. The application of the strategy described in this paper substantially seems to improve the diagnostic process in a determinate group: blood culture-negative children with pneumonia.

[Necrotizing lymphadenitis caused by Nocardia asteroides in a healthy girl]. / Linfoadenitis necrotizante por Nocardia asteroides en una niña previamente sana.

A case of a healthy girl with a trauma in her right leg is described. Twelve hours later she developed fever and pain in the inguinal region. Two days later, she was admitted to the Hospital, and there, an aspiration of pus from the lymph node was performed, and this sample was sent for culture. The Gram smear showed gram-positive filamentous bacilli and when Kinyoun was used they were observed as weakly acid fast rods. After four days of incubation under aerobic conditions, white and hemolitic colonies were seen on human blood agar plates. Biochemical tests as urea hydrolysis and gelatin liquefaction were performed. To complete the identification it was sent to a reference laboratory, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, where the isolate was confirmed as Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto. The patient was treated with intravenous cephalotin with good evolution. Therapy was followed with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This case is the first report of a Nocardia infection in the Hospital de Niños de Santa Fe. The fact that N. asteroides was isolated from an immunologically competent girl should be highlighted. This species is uncommon in children and it is rare in our region. In addition, N. asteroides infections are usually seen in pulmonary disease and rarely producing cutaneous infections.

Linfoadenitis necrotizante por Nocardia asteroides en una niña previamente sana / [Necrotizing lymphadenitis caused by Nocardia asteroides in a healthy girl]

A case of a healthy girl with a trauma in her right leg is described. Twelve hours later she developed fever and pain in the inguinal region. Two days later, she was admitted to the Hospital, and there, an aspiration of pus from the lymph node was performed, and this sample was sent for culture. The Gram smear showed gram-positive filamentous bacilli and when Kinyoun was used they were observed as weakly acid fast rods. After four days of incubation under aerobic conditions, white and hemolitic colonies were seen on human blood agar plates. Biochemical tests as urea hydrolysis and gelatin liquefaction were performed. To complete the identification it was sent to a reference laboratory, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, where the isolate was confirmed as Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto. The patient was treated with intravenous cephalotin with good evolution. Therapy was followed with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This case is the first report of a Nocardia infection in the Hospital de Niños de Santa Fe. The fact that N. asteroides was isolated from an immunologically competent girl should be highlighted. This species is uncommon in children and it is rare in our region. In addition, N. asteroides infections are usually seen in pulmonary disease and rarely producing cutaneous infections.

Linfoadenitis necrotizante por Nocardia asteroides en una niña previamente sana. / [Necrotizing lymphadenitis caused by Nocardia asteroides in a healthy girl]

A case of a healthy girl with a trauma in her right leg is described. Twelve hours later she developed fever and pain in the inguinal region. Two days later, she was admitted to the Hospital, and there, an aspiration of pus from the lymph node was performed, and this sample was sent for culture. The Gram smear showed gram-positive filamentous bacilli and when Kinyoun was used they were observed as weakly acid fast rods. After four days of incubation under aerobic conditions, white and hemolitic colonies were seen on human blood agar plates. Biochemical tests as urea hydrolysis and gelatin liquefaction were performed. To complete the identification it was sent to a reference laboratory, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, where the isolate was confirmed as Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto. The patient was treated with intravenous cephalotin with good evolution. Therapy was followed with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This case is the first report of a Nocardia infection in the Hospital de Niños de Santa Fe. The fact that N. asteroides was isolated from an immunologically competent girl should be highlighted. This species is uncommon in children and it is rare in our region. In addition, N. asteroides infections are usually seen in pulmonary disease and rarely producing cutaneous infections.