Estudio poblacional de seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la hepatitis A en la Comunidad de Madrid, 2008-2009 / Population study of seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus in the Community of Madrid, 2008-2009

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las encuestas de seroprevalencia permiten conocer el nivel de endemicidad del virus de la hepatitis A (VHA). El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la seroprevalencia (SP) de anticuerpos frente al VHA por grupos de edad y compararlos con los obtenidos en las anteriores encuestas. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional de tipo transversal. La población diana está constituida por los residentes de 2-60 años de edad de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se ha realizado un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico, con estratificación de las unidades de primera etapa. Tras la firma del consentimiento informado, a cada participante se le extrajo una muestra de suero para el estudio y se recogieron datos sociodemográficos mediante un cuestionario. RESULTADOS: La SP de anticuerpos frente a hepatitis A es de 46,8% (IC95%: 44,6-49,0). La SP aumenta con la edad. Es mayor en la población procedente de países de mayor endemicidad y en la población con menor nivel de estudios y clase social más baja. Con relación a la encuesta anterior se observa un incremento de la SP en los menores de 30 años y un descenso a partir de esa edad. Si se considera sólo la población autóctona y procedente de países de muy baja endemicidad, el incremento es estadísticamente significativo en el grupo de 2-5 años. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestra región presenta un nivel de endemicidad muy bajo por lo que, siguiendo las recomendaciones de la OMS, la vacunación debe ser dirigida a grupos específicos de riesgo

INTRODUCTION: Seroprevalence surveys enable the level of endemicity of hepatitis A (HAV) to be assessed. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence (SP) antibody against HAV by age group, and compare it with those obtained in previous surveys. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study. The target population consists of residents from 2 to 60 years old in the Community of Madrid. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed with stratification of first stage units. After signing the informed consent, a serum sample was extracted from each participant and sociodemographic data were collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS: SP antibodies to hepatitis A is 46.8% (95% CI 44.6 to 49.0). The SP increases with age. It is higher in the population from more endemic countries and people with less education and lower social class. In relation to the previous survey, SP increased in the population under 30 years old, and a decline after that age is observed. If only the autochthonous population and from countries with very low endemicity is observed, the increase is statistically significant in the 2-5 years age group. CONCLUSIONS: Our region has a very low level of endemicity thus, following the recommendations of WHO, vaccination should be targeted at specific risk groups

[Population study of seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus in the Community of Madrid, 2008-2009]. / Estudio poblacional de seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la hepatitis A en la Comunidad de Madrid, 2008-2009.

INTRODUCTION: Seroprevalence surveys enable the level of endemicity of hepatitis A (HAV) to be assessed. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence (SP) antibody against HAV by age group, and compare it with those obtained in previous surveys. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study. The target population consists of residents from 2 to 60 years old in the Community of Madrid. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed with stratification of first stage units. After signing the informed consent, a serum sample was extracted from each participant and sociodemographic data were collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS: SP antibodies to hepatitis A is 46.8% (95% CI 44.6 to 49.0). The SP increases with age. It is higher in the population from more endemic countries and people with less education and lower social class. In relation to the previous survey, SP increased in the population under 30 years old, and a decline after that age is observed. If only the autochthonous population and from countries with very low endemicity is observed, the increase is statistically significant in the 2-5 years age group. CONCLUSIONS: Our region has a very low level of endemicity thus, following the recommendations of WHO, vaccination should be targeted at specific risk groups.

Informe sobre la introducción de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 13valente (VNC13) para la prevención de la enfermedad neumocócica y neumonía en la cohorte de 60 años en la Comunidad de Madrid / No disponible

No disponible

Seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in Madrid (Spain) in the absence of vaccination.

OBJECTIVE: to ascertain the seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in the Madrid population prior to the introduction of vaccination. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional antibody seroprevalence study. POPULATION: persons aged 2 to 40 years in Madrid. Field work: September 1999 to April 2000. Data were collected on demographic and socio-economic variables and on a number of exposures. IgG antibodies were determined using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), and antibody prevalence broken down by age group. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the presence of antibodies and the respective study variables. The results were compared against those of an earlier seroprevalence survey in Madrid (1993). RESULTS: A total of 2,131 subjects were included, with a non-response rate of 20.4%. Antibody prevalence was estimated at 90.2%; the 90% mark was reached at 11 years of age and almost 100% of adults presented with antibodies. In the case of children, school attendance associated with the presence of antibodies. No significant differences were observed vis-à-vis the results of the earlier survey. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence profile coincides with those of other Spanish regions and European countries, and remains stable over time. Antibody presence rises sharply in children from aged 2 years to adolescence. Further seroprevalence studies are called for to study the disease trend and assess preventive measures.

[Comparison of three ELISA techniques for the evaluation of IgG seroprevalence against Bordetella pertussis in children vaccinated with three doses of DTPwc]. / Comparación de tres técnicas ELISA para evaluar la seroprevalencia de IgG frente a Bordetella pertussis en niños vacunados con tres dosis de DTPe.

BACKGROUND: Although there are several ELISA procedures to determine IgG against Bordetella pertussis, there are scarce data that allow to compare the seroprevalence detected using different kits. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to compare by three ELISA techniques the seroprevalence against B. pertussis in children. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 172 children 6-10 years old, vaccinated with three dose of DTPwc were studied. IgG against Bordetella pertussis was determined by two quantitative techniques (Labsystems and Serion). The qualitative detection of IgG against FHA and PT was performed by a semiquantitative method (Pertusscan). RESULTS: The Labsystems ELISA classified a 42.4% of the samples as positive and a 32% as borderline. The Serion method showed 52.9% of positive and 20.9% of borderline results. IgG-FHA was detected in 81.4% and IgG-PT in 75% of the samples by Pertusscan. The level of "immunity" recommended by this method was of 21.5%. The agreement between Labsystems and Serion was 45.9% (kappa index 5 0.157; p < 0.01). In the IgG-TP or IgG-FHA positive samples, the proportion of positive results obtained by Serion was superior to those obtained by Labsystems while the number of borderline results were inferior (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both quantitative techniques showed a high rate of not conclusive results and a very weak concordance. The large number of doubtful results obtained by Labsystems and its worse concordance with the other techniques dissuades its employment in inmunogenicity studies. The results obtained by the other two techniques present a problematic interpretation in terms of seroprevalence.

Comparación de tres técnicas ELISA para evaluar la seroprevalencia de IgG frente a Bordetella pertussis en niños vacunados con tres dosis de DTPEe / Comparison of three ELISA techniques for the evaluation of IgG seroprevalence against Bordetella pertussis in children vaccinated with three doses of DTPwc

FUNDAMENTOS. Aunque existen varios ELISA para determinar la IgG frente a Bordetella pertussis, no se dispone de demasiados datos que permitan comparar la seroprevalencia detectada por diferentes técnicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar mediante tres técnicas ELISA la seroprevalencia en niños frente a B. pertussis. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO. Se estudió a 172 niños de 6 a 10 años vacunados con tres dosis de DTPe. La detección de IgG frente a un combinado antigénico de B. pertussis se realizó mediante dos técnicas cuantitativas (Labsystems y Serion). La presencia de IgG frente a hemaglutinina filamentosa (HAF) y toxina Pertussis (TP) se detectó por un método semicuantitativo (Pertusscan). RESULTADOS. El 42,4 por ciento de las muestras resultó positivo mediante Labsystems y el 32 por ciento dudoso. Serion aportó un 52,9 por ciento de resultados positivos y un 20,9 por ciento de dudosos. Pertusscan detectó IgG-HAF en el 81,4 por ciento de las muestras e IgG-TP en el 75 por ciento. El grado de "inmunidad" basado en la recomendación de este método fue del 21,5 por ciento. La concordancia entre Labsystems y Serion fue del 45,9 por ciento (índice kappa 0,157; p < 0,01). En las muestras IgG-TP o IgG-HAF positivas el número de resultados positivos por Serion respecto a Labsystems resultó superior y el de dudosos inferior (p < 0,05).CONCLUSIONES. Ambas técnicas cuantitativas revelaron una elevada tasa de resultados dudosos y una concordancia muy débil. La alta tasa de resultados dudosos mediante Labsystems y su peor concordancia con las otras técnicas desaconsejan su empleo en estudios de inmunogenicidad. Los otros procedimientos presentan una interpretación problemática en términos de seroprevalencia (AU)

Tercer caso de capilariasis hepática humana en México / Third case of human hepatic capillariasis in Mexico

Se presenta un caso de capilariasis hepática en una mujer de 54 años que estuvo confinada en una institución psiquiátrica. Ingresó al Hospital General de México para recibir cuidados terminales de un cáncer avanzado de mama; murió 12 días después de su ingreso. Clínicamente se detectó hepatomegalia y en la autopsia se encontraron numerosos huevecillos de Capillaria hepática en el hígado. No se observó eosinofilia. Veintiséis casos de capilariasis hepática humana se han registrado en la literatura mundial. Este caso es el tercero que se presenta en la república mexicana, y mientras que los dos primeros ocurrieron en niños éste es el primero en un adulto. Por haber tenido un padecimiento psiquiátrico importante, la paciente pudo haber tenido hábitos alimenticios aberrantes. Por primera vez se describen e ilustran los huevecillos de C. hepática teñidos con metenamina de Jones, lo que permite demostrar una capa multilaminada interna y otra externa dotada de canalículos radiados