Fluid dynamics of life: exploring the physiology and importance of water in the critical illness.

Water acknowledged as a vital component for life and the universal solvent, is crucial for diverse physiological processes in the human body. While essential for survival, the human body lacks the capacity to produce water, emphasizing the need for regular ingestion to maintain a homeostatic environment. The human body, predominantly composed of water, exhibits remarkable biochemical properties, playing a pivotal role in processes such as protein transport, thermoregulation, the cell cycle, and acid­base balance. This review delves into comprehending the molecular characteristics of water and its interactions within the human body. The article offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between water and critical illness. Through a comprehensive exploration, it seeks to enhance our understanding of water's pivotal role in sustaining overall human health.

Infective endocarditis due to Citrobacter koseri following testicular trauma: case report and literature review.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a condition with low prevalence but high mortality rates within intensive care units. Microbiologically, most cases are attributed to Gram-positive cocci, while Gram-negative bacilli are less commonly involved. This case report describes a patient with IE caused by Citrobacter koseri (C. koseri) with secondary bacteremia due to blunt testicular trauma and epididymitis. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the clinical and associated risk factors of this underreported condition. Elderly and urinary tract infections could be associated with this entity. Cefazolin was used as the final targeted treatment. The use of precision medicine in IE is required for specific interventions.

Infection of the heart valve from testicular injury: a case study and review of medical literature Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious but rare infection that can lead to death, especially in intensive care units. Typically, it's caused by certain types of bacteria, but our case study focuses on a patient whose IE was caused by a less common bacterium called Citrobacter koseri (C. koseri). This infection occurred after the patient experienced blunt trauma to the testicles, leading to a bloodstream infection. We looked at other similar cases in medical literature and found that older age and urinary tract infections might increase the risk of this type of IE. In this case, IE caused by this unusual bacteria was treated with cefazolin.

Cobertura periodística sobre el suicidio: ¿habría riesgo de causar efectos negativos en personas susceptibles? / Journalistic Coverage of Suicide: Could there be a risk of causing a negative impact on susceptible persons? / Cobertura jornalística sobre o suicídio: haveria o risco de causar efeitos negativos em pessoas suscetíveis?

Resumen El artículo buscó comprobar que un uso inadecuado de la información en medios de comunicación puede incrementar riesgos en personas susceptibles a enfermedades mentales. Para ello, se estudió el efecto de noticias colombianas, tanto nacionales como regionales, que se relacionaban con la palabra suicidio en el 2014. Posteriormente, se analizaron las noticias, aplicando una encuesta con ocho preguntas por parte de dos integrantes del grupo, entrenados previamente para la realización de la investigación, a fin de ir más a fondo y ver el efecto de los medios de comunicación y su estigmatización. Hoy en día, los adolescentes se ven más expuestos a situaciones que pueden afectar su estado de ánimo por un uso inadecuado de medios de comunicación, teniendo en cuenta que el peor desenlace sería llevar a una conducta suicida.

Abstract The article attempts to verify that inappropriate use of information provided by the media can increase risks for persons who are susceptible to mental illness. The impact of Colombian news in 2014 (national and regional) related to the word suicide was studied to that end. The news was analyzed subsequently through a survey with eight questions applied by two members of the group who had been trained to conduct the study. The idea was to delve deeper and to see the effect of the media and its stigmatization. Nowadays, adolescents are more exposed to situations in which their mood can be affected by improper use of the media, bearing in mind that the worst outcome would be that it leads to suicidal behavior.

Resumo Este artigo procurou comprovar que um uso inadequado da informação em meios de comunicação pode gerar riscos em pessoas suscetíveis a doença mental. Para isso, estudou-se o efeito de notícias colombianas, tanto nacionais como regionais, que se relacionavam com a palavra suicídio, em 2014. Em seguida, analisaram-se as notícias aplicando uma pesquisa com oito perguntas por parte de dois integrantes do grupo, treinados para a realização da pesquisa, a fim de ir mais a fundo e ver o efeito dos meios de comunicação e sua estigmatização. Atualmente, os adolescentes se veem mais expostos a situações que podem afetar seu humor por um uso inadequado de meios de comunicação, considerando que o pior desfecho seria levar a um comportamento suicida.

Analysis of tractable distortion metrics for EEG compression applications.

Coding distortion in lossy electroencephalographic (EEG) signal compression methods is evaluated through tractable objective criteria. The percentage root-mean-square difference, which is a global and relative indicator of the quality held by reconstructed waveforms, is the most widely used criterion. However, this parameter does not ensure compliance with clinical standard guidelines that specify limits to allowable noise in EEG recordings. As a result, expert clinicians may have difficulties interpreting the resulting distortion of the EEG for a given value of this parameter. Conversely, the root-mean-square error is an alternative criterion that quantifies distortion in understandable units. In this paper, we demonstrate that the root-mean-square error is better suited to control and to assess the distortion introduced by compression methods. The experiments conducted in this paper show that the use of the root-mean-square error as target parameter in EEG compression allows both clinicians and scientists to infer whether coding error is clinically acceptable or not at no cost for the compression ratio.

Retained energy-based coding for EEG signals.

The recent use of long-term records in electroencephalography is becoming more frequent due to its diagnostic potential and the growth of novel signal processing methods that deal with these types of recordings. In these cases, the considerable volume of data to be managed makes compression necessary to reduce the bit rate for transmission and storage applications. In this paper, a new compression algorithm specifically designed to encode electroencephalographic (EEG) signals is proposed. Cosine modulated filter banks are used to decompose the EEG signal into a set of subbands well adapted to the frequency bands characteristic of the EEG. Given that no regular pattern may be easily extracted from the signal in time domain, a thresholding-based method is applied for quantizing samples. The method of retained energy is designed for efficiently computing the threshold in the decomposition domain which, at the same time, allows the quality of the reconstructed EEG to be controlled. The experiments are conducted over a large set of signals taken from two public databases available at Physionet and the results show that the compression scheme yields better compression than other reported methods.

Electroencephalographic compression based on modulated filter banks and wavelet transform.

Due to the large volume of information generated in an electroencephalographic (EEG) study, compression is needed for storage, processing or transmission for analysis. In this paper we evaluate and compare two lossy compression techniques applied to EEG signals. It compares the performance of compression schemes with decomposition by filter banks or wavelet Packets transformation, seeking the best value for compression, best quality and more efficient real time implementation. Due to specific properties of EEG signals, we propose a quantization stage adapted to the dynamic range of each band, looking for higher quality. The results show that the compressor with filter bank performs better than transform methods. Quantization adapted to the dynamic range significantly enhances the quality.

A wavelet-packets based algorithm for EEG signal compression.

Transmission of biomedical signals through communication channels is being used increasingly in clinical practice. This technique requires dealing with large volumes of information, and the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal is an example of this situation. In the EEG, various channels are recorded during several hours, resulting in a great demand of storage capacity or channel bandwidth. This situation demands the use of efficient data compression systems. The objective of this work was to develop an efficient algorithm for EEG lossy compression. In this algorithm, the EEG signal is segmented and then decomposed through Wavelet Packets (WP). The WP decomposition coefficients are thresholded and those having absolute values below the threshold are deleted. The remaining coefficients are appropriately quantized and coded using a run-length coding scheme. The compressed EEG signal can be recovered by an inverse process. Extensive experimental tests were made by applying the algorithm to EEG records and measuring the compression rate (CR) and the distortion in signal segments. The WP transform showed a high robustness, allowing a reasonably low distortion after a compression-decompression process, for CR typically in the range 5-8. The algorithm has a relatively low computational cost, making it appropriate for practical applications.