Conformationally Restricted Peptides from Rice Proteins Elicit Antibodies That Recognize the Corresponding Native Protein in ELISA Assays.

The rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV), transmitted by the planthopper insect Tagosodes orizicolus, is a disease that attacks rice and generates significant production losses in Colombia. Fedearroz 2000 and Colombia I commercial rice varieties, which have different resistance levels to the disease, were selected in this study. To identify proteins associated to the insect and virus signaling, a comparative proteomics study was performed. By comparing proteomic profiles, between virus-infected and control group plants in two-dimensional electrophoresis, proteins exhibiting significant changes in abundance were found. In another test, peptide dendrimers containing sequences conformationally restricted to α-helix from four of those rice proteins were synthesized. In the experiment, sera from mice inoculated with peptide dendrimers could recognize the corresponding native protein in ELISA assays. Reported comparative proteomic results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant response to the RHBV and comprehensive tools for the analysis of new crop varieties. Besides, results from conformational peptide dendrimer approach are promising and show that it is feasible to detect proteins as markers, and may have biological applications by decreasing the susceptibility to proteolytic degradation.

Cuatro reflexiones sobre la docencia / Four refletions on teaching

Entendida la docencia como la profesión de mayor trascendencia social porque involucra no solo la transmisión permanente y actualizada de conocimientos, sino el forjar, modelar y transformar lo humano cultivando en el educando principios, valores, buenas costumbres, idoneidad, ilusión, motivación, creatividad, innovación, emprendimiento y utopías. Porque es a partir de todo ello que aprender se convierte en un placer y un reto, se investiga, se generan nuevos desarrollos o adaptaciones propositivas para el contexto local, regional, nacional e internacional, y para esos espíritus inquietos, críticos, dinámicos es que realmente está el docente/maestro, quien los puede orientar al respecto. Es bajo ese marco de referencia que se elabora el presente artículo pensando en el docente comprometido, competente, capaz de hacer del estudiante su mejor reto. Se toman los productos docentes como estructura de análisis, pues a través de ellos es que se fundamenta el desarrollo curricular en el aula de clases y describe el proceso de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación en forma sistemática. Las cuatro reflexiones que decidimos abordar son: competencias como tendencia educativa, sentido y valor de la función docente, análisis de algunos productos docentes e importancia de formar personas profesionales.

Teaching is viewed as the most socially transcendent activity for not only involving permanent updated knowledge transmission but also forging, modeling and transforming the individual by fostering his principles, values, good habits, suitability, hopes, motivation, creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship and utopias. For it is through developing these attributes that learning becomes a pleasant and challenging experience, encouraging a desire of inquiry and creating new advances and purposive adaptations for the local, regional, national and international contexts. The teacher/master actually exists to assist and guide those with a restless, critical, dynamic spirit. This article was written under this perspective regarding the committed, competent, skillful teacher who is capable of making his student his best challenge. Teaching outcomes were used for the structural analysis, for the course syllabus provides a systematic description of the teaching, learning and evaluation processes and its proper development is based on the course outcomes. The four reflections we decided to approachwere: competency-based education as a teaching trend, sense and value of the teaching role, analysis of some teaching outcomes and the importance of making progress for the professional development of the student

Mapping the anatomy of a Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 epitope using pseudopeptide-induced mono- and polyclonal antibodies and CD and NMR conformation analysis.

Antigen structure modulation represents an approach towards designing subunit malaria vaccines. A specific epitope's alpha carbon stereochemistry, as well as its backbone topochemistry, was assessed for obtaining novel malarial immunogens. A variety of MSP-1(38-61) Plasmodium falciparum epitope pseudopeptides derived were synthesised, based on solid-phase pseudopeptide chemistry strategies; these included all-L, all-D, partially-D substituted, all-Psi-[NH-CO]-Retro, all-Psi-[NH-CO]-Retro-inverso, and Psi-[CH2NH] reduced amide surrogates. We demonstrate that specific recombinant MSP-1(34-469) fragment binding to red blood cells (RBCs) is specifically inhibited by non-modified MSP-1(42-61), as well as by its V52-L53, M51-V52 reduced amide surrogates and partial-D substitutions in K48 and E49. In vivo tests revealed that reduced amide pseudopeptide-immunised Aotus monkeys induced neutralising antibodies specifically recognising the MSP-1 N-terminus region. These findings support the role of molecular conformation in malaria vaccine development.

Proceso de enfermería Dx: varicela abceso submentoniano / Infirmary process Dx: chicken pox abceso submentoniano

Presenta estudio de proceso de enfermería el proceso lo realizamos con el Dx: varicela –abceso submentoniano eligiendo al paciente femenino de un mes de edad, residente de la ciudad de Matagalpa con el cual priorizamos sus necesidades y cuidados de enfermería. Para el analisis de este proceso se utilizo anamnesis por medio de la cual valoramos datos generales y problemas de actuales de salud del paciente, entrevista directa con la madre; examen físico lograndose hacer una valoración precisa del estado de salud y así priorizar sus necesidades en los planes de cuidados de enfermería. En conclusión con las acciones aplicada a la paciente y la educación dada a la madre, en las visitas domiciliares se lograron cumplir satisfactoriamente los planes y cuidados establecidos, se logro que la paciente disminuyera los riesgos de complicaciones aplicando los planes de cuidado.