Experiences of children with congenital Zika syndrome while using motorized mobility: a qualitative study using the photovoice method.

AIM: The congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) often leads to severe motor impairment in affected children, making independent walking unlikely. Early introduction of motorized mobility through ride-on cars has been recommended for young children with severe motor impairment, enabling independent movement in various environments. This study aims to explore mothers' perceptions of their children's experiences while using ride-on cars at home and in the community, focusing on children with CZS. METHODS: This is a qualitative and descriptive study design using the Photovoice method. Four mothers of children with CZS, participating in the 'Go Zika Go' intervention project, were included. The research involved the following six steps: 1) Presentation of guide questions and Photovoice training; 2) Participants capturing photos; 3) Individual interviews to contextualize the photos; 4) Transcription and data analysis using thematic analysis principles; 5) Validation of analyses by mothers; and 6) Exhibition of photos to the community. RESULTS: The mothers and researchers selected the 21 most relevant photographs, which revealed five main themes related to the use of motorized ride-on cars: 1) Experiences of participation; 2) Independence in mobility; 3) Characteristics of mobility devices; 4) Family support; and 5) Accessibility of the environment. CONCLUSION: The narratives provided by participants, along with photographs depicting the daily lives of children with CZS, shed light on aspects of functionality, autonomy, and participation. The use of these devices contributes to overall equity, breaking down social and cultural barriers and enabling children with disabilities to be seen as equals by their peers.

To understand the barriers and facilitators experienced by children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) when using motorized ride-on cars at home and in the community can contribute to the planning of interventions aimed at implementing motorized mobility as an intervention modality for children with severe motor and cognitive impairments in low- and middle-income countries.The Photovoice method can be useful to capture the experiences of children with severe disabilities such as Congenital Zika Syndrome while using adapted motorized ride-on cars.Involving mothers of children with severe disabilities as co-researchers can contribute to the advancement of more relevant research for the public/patient, considering that they are specialists by knowledge.The use of motorized mobility for children with CZS can minimize social disadvantages, favor equity in its entirety, providing for the breakdown of cultural and attitudinal barriers.

The Arp2/3 complex enhances cell migration on elastic substrates.

Cell migration on soft surfaces occurs in both physiological and pathological processes such as corticogenesis during embryonic development and cancer invasion and metastasis. The Arp2/3 complex in neural progenitor cells was previously demonstrated to be necessary for cell migration on soft elastic substrate but not on stiff surfaces, but the underlying mechanism was unclear. Here, we integrate computational and experimental approaches to elucidate how the Arp2/3 complex enables cell migration on soft surfaces. We found that lamellipodia comprised of a branched actin network nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex distribute forces over a wider area, thus decreasing stress in the substrate. Additionally, we found that interactions between parallel focal adhesions within lamellipodia prolong cell-substrate interactions by compensating for the failure of neighboring adhesions. Together with decreased substrate stress, this leads to the observed improvements in migratory ability on soft substrates in cells utilizing lamellipodia-dependent mesenchymal migration when compared with filopodia-based migration. These results show that the Arp2/3 complex-dependent lamellipodia provide multiple distinct mechanical advantages to gliomas migrating on soft 2D substrates, which can contribute to their invasive potential.

Advancing drug discovery for glomerulopathies using stem-cell-derived kidney models.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an epidemic that affects millions worldwide. The glomerulus, a specialized unit of the nephron, is highly susceptible to injury. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an attractive resource for modeling kidney disease and therapeutic discovery.

Comprimento de inserção de sonda gástrica em recém-nascidos: práticas dos enfermeiros / Length of gastric tube insertion in newborn: nurse's practices / Longitud de inserción de sonda gástrica en neonatos: prácticas de enfermería

Objetivo: avaliar a prática de enfermeiros que atuam em unidade neonatal sobre a mensuração do comprimento de sondas gástricas. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em quatro unidades neonatais públicas do Recife. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e analítica. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a medida orelha-nariz-xifoide apareceu como a mais frequente para sondagem orogástrica (28,4%) e a medida nariz-orelha-xifoide para sondagem nasogástrica (35,8%); 7,5% dos enfermeiros declararam usar as estratégias de medição de sonda atualmente recomendadas tanto para via oral quanto para nasogástrica. Não houve associação significativa entre a escolha das estratégias de medição adequadas e tempo de formação, tempo de experiência em neonatologia, formação complementar ou unidade de atuação. Conclusão: a prática de sondagem gástrica em recém-nascido, da maior parte dos profissionais, está desalinhada com as atuais evidências que recomendam o uso da medida nariz-orelha-metade da distância entre xifoide e cicatriz umbilical.

Objective: to evaluate the practice of nurses from a neonatal unit on measuring the length of gastric tubes. Method: cross-sectional study, carried out in four public neonatal units from Recife. Data were collected through a questionnaire and submitted to descriptive and analytical statistical analysis. Research protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: the ear-nose-xiphoid measurement appeared as the most frequent for orogastric tube (28.4%) and the nose-ear-xiphoid measurement for nasogastric tube (35.8%); 7.5% of nurses reported using the currently recommended tube measurement strategies for both the oral and nasogastric routes. There was no significant association between the choice of appropriate measurement strategies and training time, length of experience in neonatology, additional training or unit of work. Conclusion: the practice of perform gastric tube in newborns, by most professionals, is out of line with current evidence that recommends the use of nose-ear-half the distance between xiphoid and umbilicus.

Objetivo: evaluar la práctica de los enfermeros que actúan en una unidad neonatal en cuanto a la medición de la longitud de las sondas gástricas. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en cuatro unidades neonatales públicas de Recife. Los datos se recolectaron a través de un cuestionario y se sometieron a análisis estadístico descriptivo y analítico. El Comité de Ética en Investigación aprobó el protocolo de investigación. Resultados: la medida oído-nariz-xifoideo apareció como siendo la más frecuente en cuanto a la sonda orogástrica (28,4%) y la medida nariz-oído-xifoideo respecto a la sonda nasogástrica (35,8%); el 7,5% de los enfermeros informó que utilizan las estrategias de medición de sonda actualmente recomendadas tanto para la vía oral y como para la nasogástrica. No hubo asociación significativa entre la elección de estrategias de medición apropiadas y el tiempo de formación, la duración de la experiencia en neonatología, la formación adicional o la unidad de trabajo. Conclusión: la práctica del sondaje gástrico en recién nacidos, por la mayoría de los profesionales, no se ajusta con la evidencia actual que recomienda el uso de la medida nariz-oreja- mitad de la distancia entre el xifoides y la cicatriz umbilical.

Translating Organoids into Artificial Kidneys.

Purpose of Review: Kidney disease affects more than 13% of the world population, and current treatment options are limited to dialysis and organ transplantation. The generation of kidney organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells could be harnessed to engineer artificial organs and help overcome the challenges associated with the limited supply of transplantable kidneys. The purpose of this article is to review the progress in kidney organoid generation and transplantation and highlight some existing challenges in the field. We also examined possible improvements that could help realize the potential of organoids as artificial organs or alternatives for kidney transplantation therapy. Recent Findings: Organoids are useful for understanding the mechanisms of kidney development, and they provide robust platforms for drug screening, disease modeling, and generation of tissues for organ replacement therapies. Efforts to design organoids rely on the ability of cells to self-assemble and pattern themselves into recognizable tissues. While existing protocols for generating organoids result in multicellular structures reminiscent of the developing kidney, many do not yet fully recapitulate the complex cellular composition, structure, and functions of the intact kidney. Recent advances toward achieving these goals include identifying cell culture conditions that produce organoids with improved vasculature and cell maturation and functional states. Still, additional improvements are needed to enhance tissue patterning, specialization, and function, and avoid tumorigenicity after transplantation. Summary: This report focuses on kidney organoid studies, advancements and limitations, and future directions for improvements towards transplantation.

Agreement Between Alberta Infant Motor Scale Assessment and Maternal Perception of Motor Development in Full-Term Infants.

OBJECTIVES: To verify the agreement between the Alberta Infant Motor Scale assessment and maternal perception of the motor development in full-term infants. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 161 infants and mothers. Children were assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) for motor developmental classification. Mothers completed questionnaires aiming to identify maternal profiles and impressions about their children's development. The kappa test was used to analyze the concordance between AIMS and mother perceptions. RESULTS: A total of 83.2% of the sample was classified as typically developing and 16.8% as suspected or delayed development. The maternal impression indicates that 77% of infants are developing typically, 19.9% perceived their infants' development as advanced, and 3.1% delayed development. There was low agreement between the mothers' perceptions and AIMS classifications (kappa = 0.153). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal perception of their infant's development was unsatisfactory for evaluation of motor development because their perceptions did not agree with the findings of the AIMS.

Fatores preditores da infecção respiratória aguda em pré-escolares assistidos por creche pública / Factores predictivos de infección respiratoria aguda en preescolares atendidos por guarderías públicas / Predictor factors of the acute respiratory infection in preschools attended by a public daycare center

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os fatores preditores entre a ocorrência de infecção respiratória aguda e as condições clínicas e sociodemográficas de pré-escolares em uma creche pública. Método: estudo transversal desenvolvido com 121 acompanhantes responsáveis por crianças de dois a seis anos, em uma creche do município de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Formulário semiestruturado foi utilizado para coleta de dados, realizada no período de maio a agosto de 2018, cujas informações diziam respeito às características clínicas e sociodemográficas dos pré-escolares e da família. Os dados foram submetidos a testes de associação na análise estatística bivariada e aplicada regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: encontrou-se prevalência de 40,5% de infecção respiratória aguda entre as crianças. A análise multivariada revelou que o tempo de permanência na creche superior a cinco horas (OR=2,448; IC95% 1,126-5,323; p=0,024) e a baixa escolaridade do responsável (OR=2,552; IC95% 1,179-5,528; p=0,017) dobraram a chance de a criança adquirir infecção respiratória aguda. Conclusão: a identificação dos fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de infecções respiratórias no ambiente pré-escolar fornece subsídios para a promoção da saúde das crianças com vistas à redução das internações por distúrbios respiratórios nesse grupo etário.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar los factores predictivos entre la ocurrencia de infección respiratoria aguda y las condiciones clínicas y sociodemográficas de niños en edad preescolar en una guardería pública. Método: estudio transversal desarrollado con 121 acompañantes a cargo de niños de dos a seis años, en una guardería en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un formulario semiestructurado, realizado de mayo a agosto de 2018, cuya información se relacionaba con las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de los niños en edad preescolar y sus familias. Los datos fueron sometidos a pruebas de asociación en análisis estadístico bivariado y se aplicó regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: se encontró una prevalencia del 40,5% de infección respiratoria aguda en niños. El análisis multivariado reveló que la estancia en la guardería fue superior a cinco horas (OR = 2,448; IC 95% 1,126-5,323; p = 0,024) y el bajo nivel educativo del tutor (OR = 2,552; 95% CI 1,179-5,528; p = 0,017) duplicó la posibilidad de que el niño contrajera una infección respiratoria aguda. Conclusión: la identificación de factores relacionados con el desarrollo de infecciones respiratorias en el ámbito preescolar brinda apoyo para la promoción de la salud infantil, con objetivo de reducir las hospitalizaciones por trastornos respiratorios en este grupo de edad.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the predictive factors between the occurrence of acute respiratory infection and the clinical and sociodemographic conditions of preschool children in a public daycare center. Method: a cross-sectional study was developed with 121 guardians responsible for children between two to six years old, in a daycare center in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A semi-structured form was used for data collection, carried out from May to August 2018, whose information related to the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of preschool children and their families. Data were subjected to association tests in bivariate statistical analysis and multiple logistic regression was applied. Results: there was a prevalence of 40.5% of acute respiratory infections among children. The multivariate analysis revealed that the length of stay in the daycare center was longer than five hours (OR=2.448; 95%CI 1.126-5.323; p=0.024) and the low educational level of the guardian (OR=2.552; 95%CI 1.179-5.528; p=0.017) doubled the chance of the child acquiring an acute respiratory infection. Conclusion: the identification of factors related to the development of respiratory infections in the preschool environment provides support for the promotion of children's health, reducing hospitalizations for respiratory disorders in this age group.

Go Zika Go: A Feasibility Protocol of a Modified Ride-on Car Intervention for Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil.

Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) present severe motor disability and can benefit from early powered mobility. The Go Zika Go project uses modified ride-on toy cars, which may advance the body functions, activities, and participation of children. This paper describes the study protocol aiming to assess the feasibility of a modified ride-on car intervention for children with CZS in Brazil. A mixed-methods design with a multiple 1-week baseline, 3-month intervention, and 1-month follow-up will be implemented. Modified ride-on car training sessions will be conducted three times a week at the participants' home or in the clinic. The primary outcome will be a narrative description of study feasibility (photovoice method, focus groups, parent feasibility questionnaire and assessment of learning powered mobility). Secondary outcomes will be switch activation, driving sessions journal, social-cognitive interactions, mobility (pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test), goal attainment scaling (GAS), and participation (young children's participation and environment measure). Go Zika Go is expected to be viable and to improve function, activity, and participation of children with CZS, providing a low-cost, evidence-based rehabilitation option that will be relevant to early child development in a global perspective.

Reflexões humanísticas em serviço de atendimento especializado em HIV / Humanistic reflections on specialized HIV care service / Reflexiones humanísticas en un servicio de atención especializado en VIH

Resumo A postura do médico em relação a diagnóstico e esclarecimentos ao paciente infectado pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana baseia-se principalmente na percepção pessoal e experiência humanística. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência de estudantes de medicina do sexto período do Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia, em Belém/PA, durante as aulas do módulo de Habilidades Clínicas (Eixo Infectologia) no Centro de Atenção à Saúde em Doenças Infecciosas Adquiridas. Depois de prestarem atendimentos ambulatoriais e discutirem casos clínicos por cinco meses, os estudantes se deram conta da necessidade de humanização nessa área, considerando questões biopsicossociais. De modo geral, a experiência ampliou os conhecimentos adquiridos nas aulas e permitiu aplicar o cuidado integral ao paciente, além de estimular formação mais humanística e crítica desses profissionais de saúde.

Abstract The physicians's attitude towards diagnosis and clarifications to the patient infected by the human immunodeficiency virus is based mainly on personal perception and humanistic experience. The objective of this study was to report the experience of medical students from the sixth period of the Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia, in Belém, Pará, Brazil, during classes of the Clinical Skills module (Infectious Axis) at the Center for Attention on Acquired Infectious Diseases. After providing outpatient care and discussing clinical cases for five months and considering biopsychosocial issues, the students realized a need for humanization in this area. The experience expanded the knowledge acquired in class and allowed the delivery of comprehensive care to the patient, in addition to encouraging more humanistic and critical training of these health professionals.

Resumen La actitud del médico respecto al diagnóstico y la aclaración de la condición del paciente infectado por el VIH está relacionada con la percepción personal y la experiencia humanística. El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de presentar la experiencia de estudiantes de medicina del sexto período del Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia, en Belém, Pará, Brasil, durante las clases del módulo Habilidades Clínicas (Eje Infectología) en el Centro de Atención de Enfermedades Infecciosas Adquiridas. Los estudiantes ofrecieron atención ambulatoria y tuvieron discusión de casos durante cinco meses y pudieron advertir la necesidad de humanización en esta área debido a problemas biopsicosociales. La experiencia brindó la oportunidad de ampliar los conocimientos adquiridos durante las clases y aplicar una atención integral al paciente, y estimular la capacitación de profesionales de la salud con un perfil humanístico y crítico.

Elastin-Dependent Aortic Heart Valve Leaflet Curvature Changes During Cyclic Flexure.

The progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, leading to structural abnormalities and improper valve function. The focus of the present study was to relate aortic valve leaflet axial curvature changes as a function of elastin degradation, which has been associated with CAVD. Circumferential rectangular strips (L × W = 10 × 2.5 mm) of normal and elastin-degraded (via enzymatic digestion) porcine AV leaflets were subjected to cyclic flexure (1 Hz). A significant increase in mean curvature (p < 0.05) was found in elastin-degraded leaflet specimens in comparison to un-degraded controls at both the semi-constrained (50% of maximum flexed state during specimen bending and straightening events) and fully-constrained (maximally-flexed) states. This significance did not occur in all three flexed configurations when measurements were performed using either minimum or maximum curvature. Moreover, the mean curvature increase in the elastin-degraded leaflets was most pronounced at the instance of maximum flexure, compared to un-degraded controls. We conclude that the mean axial curvature metric can detect distinct spatial changes in aortic valve ECM arising from the loss in bulk content and/or structure of elastin, particularly when there is a high degree of tissue bending. Therefore, the instance of maximum leaflet flexure during the cardiac cycle could be targeted for mean curvature measurements and serve as a potential biomarker for elastin degradation in early CAVD remodeling.

Investigação sobre a exposição solar em trabalhadores de praia / Inquiry on the sun exposition in beach workers

Objetivo: Investigar os hábitos de fotoexposição e fotoproteção de trabalhadores de praia em Natal-RN, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional descritivo do tipo transversal, com amostra aleatória de 102 trabalhadores da praia de Ponta Negra, avaliados a partir da aplicação de um questionário do Ministério da Saúde (DAS UV). Resultados: Observou-se que 56% (n= 57) dos trabalhadores permanecem uma média de mais de 6 horas por dia, submetidos à exposição solar. Verificou-se que cerca de 24% (n=24) dos entrevistados não usam proteção solar. Observou-se uma baixa escolaridade dos trabalhadores, pois aproximadamente 55% (n=56) dos pacientes cursaram até o ensino fundamental de maneira completa ou incompleta. Além disso, apresentam baixa remuneração, pois 69,96 % (n=71) dos voluntários possuem uma renda de até dois salários mínimos. Conclusão: Foi possível observar que a população de trabalhadores da praia de Ponta Negra, Natal-RN, apresenta uma elevada exposição à radiação ultravioleta, durante a realização das atividades laborativas, sem o cuidado devido na proteção da pele.

Objective: To investigate the habits of photoexposition and photoprotection among beach workers in Natal-RN, Brazil. Methods: It is a descriptive observational epidemiological study of transverse type, with random sample consisting in 102 workers of Ponta Negra Beach, evaluated through a questionnaire of the Ministry of Health (DAS UV). Results: It was noted that 56% (n=57) of workers remain submitted to sun exposure for an average of 6 hours or more per day. It was found that approximately 24% (n=24) of respondents do not use sun protection. Workers showed a low educational level, since 55% (n=56) had only attended elementary school, whether graduated or not, and average monthly income was below two minimum wages for 69.96% of volunteers. Conclusion: This assessment revealed that workers of Ponta Negra Beach, Natal-RN, are highly exposed to ultraviolet radiationduring their professional activities, without proper photoprotection of skin.