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ABSTRACT Objective To carry out a socioeconomic, demographic and parasitological evaluation of quilombola communities in two of the oldest municipalities in Brazil. Material and Methods Between December 2015 and June 2016, of the total of 231 residents of the communities, socioeconomic questionnaires were applied and fecal samples collected from 150 individuals were analyzed by spontaneous sedimentation method and the Kato-Katz method. Results It was observed that 95.3% (n=143) of the interviewees had piped water at their residence, and 76% (n=114) came from wells or springs; 85.3% (n=128) reported that the toilet drain was made in a rudimentary septic tank and 59.3% (n=89) reported having litter buried or burned, showing precarious conditions in basic sanitation. Still on socioeconomic aspects, 80.7% (n=121) of the individuals reported having access to the public health service. Parasitological tests were positive for 48% (n=72) of the analyzed samples, and 25% (n=18) had two or more parasites. The most frequent organism in the study population was the commensal Entamoeba coli (55.6%, n=40), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (19.4%, n=14) and the commensal Endolimax nana (16.7%, n=12). The Poisson regression showed an increase of 1.59 in the prevalence of parasites for individuals who do not have access to the public health service, when compared to those who have access to these services. Conclusions The results indicate the need to implement public health measures in order to reduce, prevent and treat the parasitological condition of the population to obtain better conditions and quality of life.
RESUMEN Objetivo Realizar una evaluación socioeconómica, demográfica y parasitológica de las comunidades quilombolas en dos de los municipios más antiguos de Brasil. Materiales y Métodos Entre diciembre de 2015 y junio de 2016, del total de 231 residentes de las comunidades, se aplicaron cuestionarios socioeconómicos y se analizaron muestras fecales de 150 individuos mediante el método de sedimentación espontánea y el método Kato-Katz. Resultados Se observó que el 95,3% (n=143) de los entrevistados tenían agua entubada en su residencia y el 76% (n=114) provenía de pozos o manantiales; El 85,3% (n=128) informó que el desagüe del inodoro se realizó en un tanque séptico rudimentario y el 59,3% (n=89) informó que tenía basura enterrada o quemada, que mostraba condiciones precarias en el saneamiento básico. Aún en aspectos socioeconómicos, el 80,7% (n=121) de las personas reportaron tener acceso al servicio de salud pública. Las pruebas parasitológicas fueron positivas para el 48% (n=72) de las muestras analizadas, y el 25% (n=18) tenía dos o más parásitos. El organismo más frecuente en la población de estudio fue el comensal Entamoeba coli (55.6%, n=40), seguido de Ascaris lumbricoides (19.4%, n=14) y el comensal Endolimax nana (16.7%, n=12). La regresión de Poisson mostró un aumento de 1,59 en la prevalencia de parásitos para las personas que no tienen acceso al servicio de salud pública, en comparación con aquellos que tienen acceso a estos servicios. Conclusión Los resultados indican la necesidad de implementar medidas de salud pública para reducir, prevenir y tratar la condición parasitológica de la población para obtener mejores condiciones y calidad de vida.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess contamination by enteroparasites in raw vegetables consumed in the city of São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and parsley (Petrosolium sativum) were collected from six popular establishments, such as supermarkets and street markets. The obtained material was analyzed, after washing, by the spontaneous sedimentation method in the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus Campus. RESULTS: From a total of 120 analyzed samples, 71 (59 %) had one or more parasitic contaminants. Lettuce samples had a contamination rate of 78.3 %, and parsley samples of 40 %. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the vegetables consumed in the city had protozoa, helminths and arthropods, which points to the need for implementing hygienic-sanitary measures in production, handling and transportation of these vegetables.
