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1.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 2022 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36583758

RESUMO

Surgical site infections (SSI) following congenital heart surgery (CHS) remain a significant source of morbidity. Delayed sternal closure (DSC) is often required to minimize the potential for hemodynamic instability. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI among patients undergoing DSC versus primary chest closure (PCC) and to define a potential inflection point for increased risk of SSI as a function of open chest duration (OCD).A retrospective review of our institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons dataset is to identify patients undergoing CHS at our institution between 2015 and 2020. Incidences of SSI were compared between DSC and PCC patients. DSC patients were evaluated to determine the association of OCD and the incidence of SSI.2582 operations were performed at our institution between 2015 and 2020, including 195 DSC and 2387 PCC cases. The incidence of SSI within the cohort was 1.8% (47/2,582). DSC patients had significantly higher incidences of SSI (17/195, 8.7%) than PCC patients (30/2387, 1.3%, p < 0.001). Further, patients with an OCD of four or more days had a significantly higher incidence of SSI (11/62, 17.7%, p = 0.006) than patients with an OCD less than 4 days (6/115, 5.3%).The incidence of SSI following CHS is higher in DSC patients compared to PCC patients. Prolonged OCD of 4 days or more significantly increases the risk of SSI and represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for SSI predisposition. These data support dedicated, daily post-operative assessment of candidacy for chest closure to minimize the risk of SSI.

2.
Front Pediatr ; 10: 877637, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35592842

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to describe the demographics and in-hospital mortality of children (<18 years) from 2007 to 2018 supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) for a primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization database. Fifty-six patients were identified and 54 were included in this analysis. A total of 33 patients (61%) survived. No differences in demographics or ECMO details (duration, mode, and support type) were found between survivors and non-survivors. When ECMO complications were compared, pulmonary bleeding occurred more frequently in non-survivors (23.8%, n = 5) compared to survivors (n = 0) (p = 0.006).

3.
Pediatr Crit Care Med ; 21(4): 350-356, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31688673

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of unplanned extubations in a pediatric cardiac ICU in order to prove sustainability of our previously implemented quality improvement initiative. Additionally, we sought to identify risk factors associated with unplanned extubations as well as review the overall outcome of this patient population. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Pediatric cardiac ICU at Children's Hospital of Colorado on the Anschutz Medical Center of the University of Colorado. PATIENTS: Intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the cardiac ICU from July 2011 to December 2017. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 2,612 hospitalizations for 2,067 patients were supported with mechanical ventilation. Forty-five patients had 49 episodes of unplanned extubations (four patients > 1 unplanned extubation). The average unplanned extubation rate per 100 ventilator days was 0.4. Patients who had an unplanned extubation were younger (0.09 vs 5.45 mo; p < 0.001), weighed less (unplanned extubation median weight of 3.0 kg [interquartile range, 2.5-4.5 kg] vs control median weight of 6.0 kg [interquartile range, 3.5-13.9 kg]) (p < 0.001), and had a longer length of mechanical ventilation (8 vs 2 d; p < 0.001). Patients who had an unplanned extubation were more likely to require cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their hospital stay (54% vs 18%; p < 0.001) and had a higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality (15% vs 7%; p = 0.001). There was a significant difference in surgical acuity as denoted by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery score and patients with an unplanned extubation had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery category (p = 0.019). Contributing factors associated with unplanned extubation were poor endotracheal tube tape integrity, inadequate tube securement, and/or inadequate sedation. A low rate of unplanned extubation was maintained even in the setting of increasing patient complexity and an increase in patient volume. CONCLUSIONS: A low rate of unplanned extubation is sustainable even in the setting of increased patient volume and acuity. Additionally, early identification of patients at higher risk of unplanned extubation may also contribute to decreasing the incidence of unplanned extubation.


Assuntos
Extubação , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Criança , Colorado , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Intubação Intratraqueal , Respiração Artificial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
4.
Congenit Heart Dis ; 14(4): 559-570, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30835967

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients who undergo cardiac surgery are at risk for poor outcomes, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO) and death. Prior studies have demonstrated risk factors for mortality, but have not fully examined risk factors for ECMO or death without ECMO (DWE). We sought to identify risk factors for ECMO and DWE in adults undergoing congenital heart surgery in tertiary care children's hospitals. DESIGN: All adults (≥18 years) undergoing congenital heart surgery in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database between 2003 and 2014 were included. Patients were classified into three groups: ECMO-free survival, requiring ECMO, and DWE. Univariate analyses were performed, and multinomial logistic regression models were constructed examining ECMO and DWE as independent outcomes. SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 4665 adult patients underwent ACHD surgery in 39 children's hospitals with 51 (1.1%) patients requiring ECMO and 64 (1.4%) patients experiencing DWE. Of the 51 ECMO patients, 34 (67%) died. Increasing patient age, surgical complexity, diagnosis of single ventricle heart disease, preoperative hospitalization, and the presence of noncardiac complex chronic conditions (CCC) were risk factors for both outcomes. Additionally, low and medium hospital ACHD surgical volume was associated with an increased risk of DWE in comparison with ECMO. CONCLUSIONS: There are overlapping but separate risk factors for ECMO support and DWE among adults undergoing congenital heart surgery in pediatric hospitals.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Hospitais Pediátricos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Perfusion ; 34(4): 267-271, 2019 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30537888

RESUMO

The correct selection and placement of a single-site Avalon® Elite Dual Lumen Cannula for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in children weighing less than 20 kg is dependent on both the mechanical characteristics of the catheter, including length and diameter, as well as the unique vascular anatomic considerations of the patient. This manuscript describes the development of a clinical strategy, over a four-year period from 2012-2016, for cannula selection to reduce the risk of migration and malposition in 20 critically ill children weighing less than 20 kg who presented for veno-venous ECMO.


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Clínica/métodos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Peso Corporal , Cânula , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 156(1): 306-315, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29681396

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies demonstrate racial and ethnic disparities among children undergoing congenital heart surgery. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to support critically ill children after congenital heart surgery and improve survival. Thus, racial or ethnic variations in postoperative ECMO use following congenital heart surgery may be associated with racial/ethnic disparities in hospital survival. METHODS: All children in the Pediatric Health Information Systems dataset undergoing congenital heart surgery from 2004 to 2015 were examined. Multivariable, multinomial regression models examining hospital survival without ECMO use, survival after ECMO, death after ECMO, and death without ECMO support were constructed. RESULTS: Of 130,860 congenital cardiac surgery patients, 95.4% survived to hospital discharge without requiring ECMO support, whereas 1.3% survived after ECMO support, 1.3% died after ECMO support, and 1.9% died without receiving ECMO support. After adjustment for other covariates, black patients (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.42) and patients of other race (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17-1.58) were at increased odds of mortality compared with white patients. In multivariable multinomial models, black patients had increased risk of death without ECMO support (relative risk, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.56). Patients of other race (relative risk, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.69) and governmental insurance (relative risk, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.37) were also at increased risk of death without ECMO. CONCLUSIONS: Black children and children of other race are at increased odds of mortality after congenital heart surgery. These disparities can be traced to variations in ECMO utilization across racial/ethnic groups.


Assuntos
Asiático , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/etnologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Hispânico ou Latino , População Branca , Adolescente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/mortalidade , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/etnologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/mortalidade , Cardiopatias Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
7.
Congenit Heart Dis ; 12(6): 756-761, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28741863

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In 2012, the American College of Cardiology's (ACC) Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Council established a program to develop quality metrics to guide ambulatory practices for pediatric cardiology. The council chose five areas on which to focus their efforts; chest pain, Kawasaki Disease, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries after arterial switch, and infection prevention. Here, we sought to describe the process, evaluation, and results of the Infection Prevention Committee's metric design process. METHODS: The infection prevention metrics team consisted of 12 members from 11 institutions in North America. The group agreed to work on specific infection prevention topics including antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis, rheumatic fever, and asplenia/hyposplenism; influenza vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis (palivizumab); preoperative methods to reduce intraoperative infections; vaccinations after cardiopulmonary bypass; hand hygiene; and testing to identify splenic function in patients with heterotaxy. An extensive literature review was performed. When available, previously published guidelines were used fully in determining metrics. RESULTS: The committee chose eight metrics to submit to the ACC Quality Metric Expert Panel for review. Ultimately, metrics regarding hand hygiene and influenza vaccination recommendation for patients did not pass the RAND analysis. Both endocarditis prophylaxis metrics and the RSV/palivizumab metric passed the RAND analysis but fell out during the open comment period. Three metrics passed all analyses, including those for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with heterotaxy/asplenia, for influenza vaccination compliance in healthcare personnel, and for adherence to recommended regimens of secondary prevention of rheumatic fever. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of convincing data to guide quality improvement initiatives in pediatric cardiology is widespread, particularly in infection prevention. Despite this, three metrics were able to be developed for use in the ACC's quality efforts for ambulatory practice.


Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial/organização & administração , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Cardiologia/organização & administração , Controle de Infecções/normas , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Criança , Cardiopatias Congênitas , Humanos , Estados Unidos
8.
Pediatr Crit Care Med ; 18(8): 779-786, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28498231

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Only a small fraction of pediatric cardiac surgical patients are supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following cardiac surgery, but extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use is more common among those undergoing higher complexity surgery. We evaluated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation metrics indexed to annual cardiac surgical volume to better understand extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use among U.S. cardiac surgical programs. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis SETTING:: Forty-three U.S. Children's Hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System that performed cardiac surgery and used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PATIENTS: All patients (< 19 yr) undergoing cardiac surgery during January 2003 to July 2014. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use and surgical mortality were risk adjusted using Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation metrics indexed to annual cardiac surgery cases were calculated for each hospital and the metric values divided into quintiles for comparison across hospitals. Among 131,786 cardiac surgical patients, 3,782 (2.9%) received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Median case mix adjusted rate of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use was 2.8% (interquartile range, 1.6-3.4%). Median pediatric cardiac case mix adjusted surgical mortality was 3.5%. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-associated surgical mortality was 1.3% (interquartile range, 0.7-1.6%); without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, median case mix adjusted surgical mortality would increase from 3.5% to 5.0%. Among patients who died, 36.7% (median) were supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median reduction in case mix adjusted surgical mortality from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation surgical survival was 30.1%. The median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation free surgical survival was 95% (interquartile range, 94-96%). Centers with less than 150 annual surgical cases had significantly lower median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (0.78%) than centers with greater than 275 cases (≥ 2.8% extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use and mortality varied within quintiles and across quintiles of center annual surgical case volume. CONCLUSIONS: Risk adjusted extracorporeal membrane oxygenation metrics indexed to annual surgical volume provide potential for benchmarking as well as a greater understanding of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization, efficacy, and impact on cardiac surgery mortality.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/mortalidade , Feminino , Hospitais com Alto Volume de Atendimentos , Hospitais com Baixo Volume de Atendimentos , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco Ajustado , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
9.
ASAIO J ; 63(6): 802-809, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28328555

RESUMO

Centers with higher surgical and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) volumes have improved survival for children undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery and ECMO, respectively. We examined the relationship between both cardiac surgical and cardiac ECMO volumes, with survival. Using data from the Pediatric Health Information System, we reviewed patients who underwent ECMO during the hospitalization for cardiac surgery or heart transplantation from January 2003 to June 2014. Among 106,967 patients in 43 centers undergoing a Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 1-6 procedure (n = 104,951) or cardiac transplantation (n = 2,016), 2.9% (n = 3,069) underwent ECMO support. Centers were categorized into volume quartiles based on annual ECMO and cardiac surgical volumes. Multivariable logistic regression models controlling for clustering by center and adjusting for factors associated with mortality were constructed. Although mortality was lower in ECMO centers that performed ≥7 ECMO runs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-0.88)] and centers performing ≥158 cardiac surgical cases (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22-0.63), surgical volume was more strongly associated with ECMO mortality. Centers with higher cardiac surgical volume had fewer ECMO complications. Cardiac surgical volume, compared with ECMO volume, is more strongly associated with cardiac ECMO survival.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/mortalidade , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Transplante de Coração , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
ASAIO J ; 61(1): 43-8, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25248045

RESUMO

The aim of this article is to describe the epidemiology and factors associated with acute neurologic injury in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). It is a retrospective cohort study. Multi-institutional data for purposes of this study were obtained from the extracorporeal life support organization registry Neonates with CHD supported with ECMO during 2005-2010. Of 1,898 neonates with CHD supported with ECMO, 273 (14%) had neurologic injury. Birth weight less than 3 kg (odds ratio [OR]: 1.5; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.1-1.9), pre-ECMO blood pH ≤ 7.15 (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1) need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ECMO (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5-2.0) increased neurologic injury. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with neurologic injury compared with those without (73% vs. 53%; p < 0.001). Neonates with CHD undergoing ECMO are highly vulnerable to acute neurologic injury regardless of cardiac lesion-specific physiology or the occurrence of cardiac surgery. The incidence of neurologic injuries in this population is higher in sicker patients. Severity of illness should therefore become the main target for improvement. Timely deployment of ECMO may therefore influence the development of ECMO complications.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/etiologia , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
11.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 148(4): 1512-8, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24951018

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Patients who have undergone the superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (Glenn procedure) have unique cardiopulmonary-cerebral physiology that may limit the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Limited data published to date suggest grim morbidity and mortality when ECMO is used. We utilized the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry database to more thoroughly assess outcomes in these patients. METHODS: Data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry from 1999 to 2012 for children with Glenn physiology aged 3 months to 1 year were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics and ECMO characteristics were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Factors associated with mortality were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 103 infants, 42 (41%) survived to hospital discharge. Neurologic complications (eg, seizure, hemorrhage, or embolic stroke) were documented in 23% of patients (24 of 103) and 14% of survivors (6 of 42). In univariate analysis, inotropic requirement before ECMO, duration of ECMO, mechanical complications with the ECMO circuit, renal failure, and pulmonary hemorrhage or pneumothorax were predictors of mortality. In multivariate logistic regression, inotrope requirement (odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-9.8), longer duration of ECMO support (OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 1.8-28), combined cardiopulmonary indication for ECMO (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4-9.7), and renal failure (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5-12) were associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality in infants with Glenn physiology supported with ECMO is lower than that previously reported, but the incidence of neurologic injury is high. These data support use of ECMO in patients with Glenn physiology with refractory cardiopulmonary failure.


Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Técnica de Fontan , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/mortalidade , Feminino , Técnica de Fontan/mortalidade , Cardiopatias Congênitas/mortalidade , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Pediatr Crit Care Med ; 15(4): 355-61, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24622166

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of neurologic injury in a recent cohort of patients 18 years old or younger cannulated for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. To evaluate the association of carotid artery cannulation with neurologic injury when compared with other cannulation sites. To determine if age impacts the association of carotid artery cannulation with neurologic injury. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. SETTING: Neonatal and pediatric medical/surgical and cardiac ICUs of 118 international tertiary care centers worldwide. PATIENTS: Pediatric patients 18 years old or younger cannulated for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry during 2007 and 2008. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two thousand nine hundred seventy-seven patients underwent venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the study period. Indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation included pulmonary (n = 1,390, 47%), cardiac (n = 1,168, 39%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 418, 14%), and unknown (n = 1). Arterial cannulation sites were aorta (n = 938, 32%), femoral artery (n = 118, 4%), and carotid artery (n = 1,921, 64%). Overall, 611 patients (21%) had evidence of neurologic injury defined as seizures, infarction, and/or hemorrhage. The occurrence of neurologic injury varied significantly by cannulation site: femoral artery (n = 18, 15%), aorta (n = 160, 17%), and carotid artery (n = 433, 23%); p equals 0.001. Neonates represented the largest group of patients cannulated for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 1,807, 61%), the majority of patients cannulated via the carotid artery (n = 1,276, 66%), and had the highest burden of neurologic injury (n = 398, 22%). Age, preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation high-frequency oscillatory ventilation use, preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation arterial pH and serum bicarbonate level, and preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation cardiac arrest were independently associated with neurologic injury in a covariate model. Carotid artery cannulation site was added to this adjusted model and found to independently increase odds of neurologic injury (odds ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.01-1.69]). An interaction term containing age and cannulation site was not associated with neurologic injury (odds ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.84-1.34]). CONCLUSIONS: Carotid artery cannulation for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients 18 years old or younger is associated with statistically significant increased odds of neurologic injury. These increased odds are present across all age groups.


Assuntos
Infarto Encefálico/epidemiologia , Artérias Carótidas , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Hemorragias Intracranianas/epidemiologia , Convulsões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Aorta , Infarto Encefálico/etiologia , Cateterismo/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Feminino , Artéria Femoral , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Hemorragias Intracranianas/etiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões/etiologia
13.
Intensive Care Med ; 39(9): 1594-601, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23749154

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neurologic complications in neonates supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are common and diminish their quality of life and survival. An understanding of factors associated with neurologic complications in neonatal ECMO is lacking. The goals of this study were to describe the epidemiology and factors associated with neurologic complications in neonatal ECMO. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of neonates (age ≤30 days) supported with ECMO using data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization during 2005-2010. RESULTS: Of 7,190 neonates supported with ECMO, 1,412 (20 %) had neurologic complications. Birth weight <3 kg [odds ratio (OR): 1.3; 95 % confidence intervals (CI): 1.1-1.5], gestational age (<34 weeks; OR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.1-2.0 and 34-36 weeks: OR 1.4, 95 % CI 1.1-1.7), need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to ECMO (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.5-2.0), pre-ECMO blood pH ≤ 7.11 (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.4-2.1), pre-ECMO bicarbonate use (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.2-1.5), prior ECMO exposure (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.6-2.6), and use of veno-arterial ECMO (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.4-2.0) increased neurologic complications. Mortality was higher in patients with neurologic complications compared to those without (62 % vs. 36 %; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic complications are common in neonatal ECMO and are associated with increased mortality. Patient factors, pre-ECMO severity of illness, and use of veno-arterial ECMO are associated with increased neurologic complications. Patient selection, early ECMO deployment, and refining ECMO management strategies for vulnerable populations could be targeted as areas for improvement in neonatal ECMO.


Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos
14.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 145(6): 1485-92, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23398647

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary artery stenosis is a potential complication after Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. It is unclear whether the shunt type or position in the Norwood procedure is associated with the risk of the development of pulmonary artery stenosis. We examined the risk of pulmonary artery stenosis and the need for pulmonary artery intervention in children undergoing the Norwood procedure with either the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit or modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent the Norwood procedure from January 1, 2003, to September 1, 2011. The data from 100 patients were reviewed, including catheterization and echocardiographic data, right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (n = 67, right shunt position in 17 and left in 50), and right ventricle to pulmonary artery (n = 33). The primary outcome measure was the need for operative or catheter-based pulmonary artery intervention. RESULTS: No patients in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery group required catheterization-based pulmonary artery interventions. Surgical pulmonary arterioplasty was performed frequently and equally in both the right ventricle to pulmonary artery and right ventricle to pulmonary artery groups at the bidirectional Glenn procedure. Catheter-based pulmonary arterioplasty was performed more frequently in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit group, especially when the conduit was positioned to the right side of the neoaorta. These patients had a 12.73 increased odds of a pulmonary artery intervention compared with the left to right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with a previous multicenter randomized trial, patients who received a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit versus a right ventricle to pulmonary artery have a greater risk of requiring pulmonary artery interventions. Patients with right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit placement to the right underwent a greater number of pulmonary artery interventions but demonstrated overall improved growth of the branch pulmonary arteries compared with the patients receiving a left-sided right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Coração Esquerdo Hipoplásico/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Norwood/efeitos adversos , Artéria Pulmonar/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/etiologia , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/cirurgia , Procedimento de Blalock-Taussig , Cateterismo , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Angiografia Coronária , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Técnica de Fontan , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
ASAIO J ; 59(2): 145-51, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23438777

RESUMO

Centrifugal blood pumps are being increasingly utilized in children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Our aim was to determine if survival and ECMO-related morbidities in children supported with venoarterial (VA) ECMO differed by blood pump type.Children aged less than 18 years who underwent VA ECMO support from 2007 to 2009 and reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry were propensity score matched (Greedy 1:1 matching) using pre-ECMO characteristics.A total of 2,656 (centrifugal = 2,231, roller = 425) patients were identified and 548 patients (274 per pump type) were included in the propensity score-matched cohort. Children supported with centrifugal pumps had increased odds of hemolysis (odds ratio [OR], 4.03 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.37-6.87), hyperbilirubinemia (OR, 5.48; 95% CI, 2.62-11.49), need for inotropic support during ECMO (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.17), metabolic alkalosis (blood pH > 7.6) during ECMO (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.49-6.54), and acute renal failure (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10-2.39). Survival to hospital discharge did not differ by pump type.In a propensity score-matched cohort of pediatric ECMO patients, children supported with centrifugal pumps had increased odds of ECMO-related complications. There was no difference in survival between groups.


Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Pontuação de Propensão , Adolescente , Centrifugação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/mortalidade , Feminino , Hemólise , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Magnetismo , Masculino
16.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 94(5): 1635-41, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22921236

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Advances in centrifugal blood pump technology have led to increased use of centrifugal pumps in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits. Their efficacy and safety in critically ill neonates remains unknown. Blood cell trauma leading to hemolysis may result in end-organ injury in critically ill neonates receiving centrifugal pump ECMO. We hypothesized that neonates undergoing ECMO support using centrifugal pumps were at increased odds of hemolysis and subsequent end-organ injury. METHODS: Children 30 days of age or younger who received support with venoarterial ECMO and were reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Registry during 2007 to 2009 underwent propensity score matching (Greedy matching 1:1) using pre-ECMO support characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 1,592 neonates receiving ECMO (centrifugal pump = 163 and roller pump = 1,492) were identified. Significant differences in demographic, presupport, and cannulation variables were present before matching. One hundred seventy-six neonates who were supported using either centrifugal (n = 88) or roller pumps (n = 88) were matched using propensity scoring. No significant differences in demographic, presupport, or cannulation variables were present after matching. Neonates undergoing support using centrifugal pumps had increased odds of hemolysis (odds ratio [OR], 7.7 [2.8-21.2]), hyperbilirubinemia (OR, 20.8 [2.7-160.4]), hypertension (OR, 3.2 [1.3-8.0]), and acute renal failure (OR, 2.4 [1.1-5.6]). Survival to discharge was not different between pump types. CONCLUSIONS: Use of ECMO using centrifugal pumps is associated with increased odds of hemolysis that likely contributes to other end-organ injury. Research into the optimal use of centrifugal pumps and strategies to prevent support-related complications need to be investigated.


Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hemólise , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
19.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 142(3): 504-10, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21353253

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been used to support children with cardiac failure after the Fontan operation. Mortality is high, and causes of mortality remain unclear. We evaluated the in-hospital mortality and factors associated with mortality in these patients. METHODS: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data on patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after the Fontan operation from 1987 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation data were compared for survivors and nonsurvivors. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with mortality. RESULTS: Of 230 patients, 81 (35%) survived to hospital discharge. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was more frequent (34% vs 17%, P = .04), and median fraction of inspired oxygen concentration was higher (1 [confidence interval, 0.9-1.0] vs 0.9 [confidence interval, 0.8-1.0], P = .03) before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration and incidence of complications, including surgical bleeding, neurologic injury, renal failure, inotrope use on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and bloodstream infection, were higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (P < .05 for all). In a multivariable model, neurologic injury (odds ratio, 5.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.97-13.61), surgical bleeding (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-4.56), and renal failure (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-5.59) increased mortality. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration of more than 65 hours to 119 hours (odds ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.76) was associated with decreased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac failure requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after the Fontan operation is associated with high mortality. Complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support increase mortality odds. Prompt correction of surgical bleeding when possible may improve survival.


Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Técnica de Fontan , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida
20.
Pediatr Crit Care Med ; 10(4): 445-51, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19451851

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to aid failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in children is associated with a high incidence of neurologic injury. We sought to identify risk factors for acute neurologic injury in children undergoing ECMO to aid CPR (E-CPR). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. SETTING: Multi-institutional data. PATIENTS: Patients <18 years of age undergoing E-CPR during 1992-2005. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We defined acute neurologic injury as the occurrence of brain death, brain infarction, or intracranial hemorrhage identified by ultrasound or computerized tomography imaging. Of 682 E-CPR patients, 147 (22%) patients had acute neurologic injury. Brain death occurred in 74 (11%), cerebral infarction in 45 (7%), and intracranial hemorrhage in 45 (7%). The in-hospital mortality rate in patients with acute neurologic injury was 89%. In a multivariable logistic regression model, pre-ECMO factors including cardiac disease (odds ratio [OR] 0.46 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.28-0.76]) and pre-ECMO blood pH > or =6.865 (> or =6.865-7.120; OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.25-0.94]; pH >7.120; OR 0.47 [95% CI 0.26-0.85]) compared with pH <6.865 were associated with decreased odds of neurologic injury. During ECMO, neurologic injury was associated with ECMO complications including pulmonary hemorrhage (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.1-3.4), dialysis use (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.4-4.0), and CPR during ECMO support (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.6-3.8). CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic injury is a frequent complication in children undergoing E-CPR. Children with cardiac disease, less severe metabolic acidosis before ECMO, and an uncomplicated ECMO course have decreased odds of sustaining neurologic injury. Providing effective CPR and inclusion of brain protective therapies on ECMO should be considered in the future to improve neurologic outcomes for patients undergoing E-CPR.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/etiologia , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Doença Aguda , Morte Encefálica , Encefalopatias/mortalidade , Infarto Encefálico/etiologia , Infarto Encefálico/mortalidade , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Hemorragias Intracranianas/etiologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/mortalidade , Masculino , Respiração Artificial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
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