Efectividad del uso de seating de posicionamiento en niños con parálisis cerebral discinética: revisión sistemática / Effectiveness of the use of seating devices in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a systematic reviewx

Introduction: To assess the effectiveness of seating devices during the sitting position on postural stability and upper limb functionality in users with dyskinetic type cerebral palsy. Method: A systematic review that included randomized, quasi-randomized, cohort, and pre-post intervention clinical trials with evaluation before and after the intervention. This review included studies of chil-dren with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, mainly of the dyskinetic type, with ages between 2 and 10 years old. The databases of CINAHL Plus, Cochrane (Central), EMBASE (Via Ovid), Virtual Health Library, OT Seeker, Medline (Via PubMed) and OpenGrey were used. Results: Two studies met the inclusion criteria; however, the analysis was carried out qualitatively due to the methodological quality for these, with presence of a high risk of bias. The study by Cimolin described greater trunk stability and smooth upper extremity movements with the use of a dynamically configured seat. Nwaobi described better upper extre-mity functionality in a seat inclined at 0º and 30º, not referring to trunk stability. Conclusion: From the review of the results it is concluded that there is not enough scientific evidence to determine that the use of seating devices favors the postural control and the functionality of upper extremities in children with cerebral dyskinesia type cerebral palsy.

Introducción: Evaluar la eficacia del posicionamiento sedente en la estabilidad postural y funcionalidad de extremidades superiores, en ni-ños con parálisis cerebral discinética, comparando el uso y el no uso de seating de posicionamiento. Método: Revisión siste-mática incluyendo ensayos clínicos de tipo aleatorio, cuasialeatorizado, de cohorte y casos con evaluación antes y después de la intervención. Se incluyó niños con parálisis cerebral discinético, entre 2 y 10 años de edad. Se utilizó bases de datos de CI-NAHL Plus, Cochrane (Central), EMBASE (Vía Ovid), Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud, OT Seeker, Medline (Via PubMed) y Open Grey. Resultados: Dos estudios cumplieron criterios de inclusión, aunque el análisis se realizó de forma cualitativa por la calidad metodológica de estos. Cimolin detectó mayor estabilidad de tronco y suavidad en los movimientos de extremidades superiores con el uso de un asiento de configuración dinámica. Nwaobi describió mejor funcionalidad de extremidad superior en un asiento inclinado a 0º y 30º, no haciendo referencia a la estabilidad de tronco. Conclusión: De la revisión de los resulta-dos, se concluye que no existe evidencia científica suficiente que determine que el uso de seating favorezca o no el control postural y la funcionalidad de extremidades superiores en niños y jóvenes con parálisis cerebral de tipo discinética.

SFPQ associates to LSD1 and regulates the migration of newborn pyramidal neurons in the developing cerebral cortex.

The development of the cerebral cortex requires the coordination of multiple processes ranging from the proliferation of progenitors to the migration and establishment of connectivity of the newborn neurons. Epigenetic regulation carried out by the COREST/LSD1 complex has been identified as a mechanism that regulates the development of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex. We now identify the association of the multifunctional RNA-binding protein SFPQ to LSD1 during the development of the cerebral cortex. In vivo reduction of SFPQ dosage by in utero electroporation of a shRNA results in impaired radial migration of newborn pyramidal neurons, in a similar way to that observed when COREST or LSD1 expressions are decreased. Diminished SFPQ expression also associates to decreased proliferation of progenitor cells, while it does not affect the acquisition of neuronal fate. These results are compatible with the idea that SFPQ, plays an important role regulating proliferation and migration during the development of the cerebral cortex.

[Anterior knee pain in knee arthroplasty with or without a patellar component]. / Dolor anterior de rodilla en pacientes operados de artroplastía de rodilla con o sin remplazo del componente patelar.

INTRODUCTION: The appearance of patellofemoral pain after a knee arthroplasty, particularly in rheumatic diseases, resulted in the incorporation of the substitution of the patellar component in all designs. The replacement of the patella became a standard part of knee arthroplasty, but the controversy over whether to restore it or not continues among orthopedists that perform knee arthroplasties. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of anterior knee pain in patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty with or without replacement of the patellar component. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective, descriptive and transversal study from January 2011 to December 2013. RESULTS: A total of 54 patients were included, 12 men (with an average age of 63 years) and 42 women (with an average age of 71 years), totaling 64 knees that were surgically intervened. CONCLUSION: This study found no significant difference in anterior knee pain and in the function of the patellofemoral joint and the knee in the groups of patients who were tested with the different scales.

La aparición de dolor patelofemoral postoperatorio en la artroplastía de rodilla, sobre todo en pacientes reumáticos, resultó en la incorporación de la sustitución del componente patelar en la mayoría de los diseños. Esta se convirtió en una parte estándar de la artroplastía total de rodilla; la controversia sobre si restituir o no el componente patelar continúa siendo debatida por los cirujanos ortopedistas que realizan artroplastías de rodilla.

Dolor anterior de rodilla en pacientes operados de artroplastía de rodilla con o sin remplazo del componente patelar / Anterior knee pain in knee arthroplasty with or without a patellar component

Resumen: Introducción: La aparición de dolor patelofemoral postoperatorio en la artroplastía de rodilla, sobre todo en pacientes reumáticos, resultó en la incorporación de la sustitución del componente patelar en la mayoría de los diseños. Esta se convirtió en una parte estándar de la artroplastía total de rodilla; la controversia sobre si restituir o no el componente patelar continúa siendo debatida por los cirujanos ortopedistas que realizan artroplastías de rodilla. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis de la incidencia de dolor anterior de rodilla en pacientes sometidos a artroplastía primaria de rodilla con o sin remplazo del componente patelar. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal de Enero de 2011 a Diciembre de 2013. Resultados: 54 individuos, 12 hombres (con un promedio de edad de 63 años) y 42 mujeres (con un promedio de edad de 71 años), que dieron un total de 64 rodillas intervenidas quirúrgicamente. Conclusión: No se encontró diferencia significativa en cuanto al dolor anterior de rodilla, en la función de la articulación patelofemoral y de la rodilla en los grupos de sujetos que fueron analizados con las diferentes escalas.

Abstract: Introduction: The appearance of patellofemoral pain after a knee arthroplasty, particularly in rheumatic diseases, resulted in the incorporation of the substitution of the patellar component in all designs. The replacement of the patella became a standard part of knee arthroplasty, but the controversy over whether to restore it or not continues among orthopedists that perform knee arthroplasties. Objective: To analyze the incidence of anterior knee pain in patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty with or without replacement of the patellar component. Material and methods: Observational, retrospective, descriptive and transversal study from January 2011 to December 2013. Results: A total of 54 patients were included, 12 men (with an average age of 63 years) and 42 women (with an average age of 71 years), totaling 64 knees that were surgically intervened. Conclusion: This study found no significant difference in anterior knee pain and in the function of the patellofemoral joint and the knee in the groups of patients who were tested with the different scales.

The extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans possesses a c-di-GMP signalling pathway that could play a significant role during bioleaching of minerals.

AIMS: The primary goal of this study was to characterize the existence of a functional c-di-GMP pathway in the bioleaching bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. METHODS AND RESULTS: A bioinformatic search revealed that the genome sequence of At. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 codes for several proteins involved in the c-di-GMP pathway, including diguanylate cyclases (DGC), phosphodiesterases and PilZ effector proteins. Overexpression in Escherichia coli demonstrated that four At. ferrooxidans genes code for proteins containing GGDEF/EAL domains with functional DGC activity. MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of c-di-GMP in nucleotide preparations obtained from At. ferrooxidans cells. In addition, c-di-GMP levels in cells grown on the surface of solid energetic substrates such as sulfur prills or pyrite were higher than those measured in ferrous iron planktonic cells. CONCLUSIONS: At. ferrooxidans possesses a functional c-di-GMP pathway that could play a key role in At. ferrooxidans biofilm formation during bioleaching processes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first global study about the c-di-GMP pathway in an acidophilic bacterium of great interest for the biomining industry. It opens a new way to explore the regulation of biofilm formation by biomining micro-organisms during the bioleaching process.

Utilización de pools de suero o de saliva, en la determinación de anticuerpos al VIH-1/2 por técnicas rápidas y convencionales de E.L.I.S.A / Utilization of serum or saliva pools in determination of VIH-1/2 amtibodies for rapid and conventional technic of E.L.I.S.A.

Con objeto de evaluar la utilidad del empleo de muestas combinadas (pools) de suero 'o de saliva en el diagnóstico de la infección con los virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana, se estudiaron 500 personas, 100 infectadas con el V.I.H.-1 y 400 clínicamente sanas. A todas ellas se les tomaron simultáneamente muestras de sangre y de saliva. Se formaron 100 pools de muestras de sangre, y 100 pools de saliva, mezclando 200 microlitros ya fuera de suero o de saliva de una persona seropositiva y 4 seronegativas. Cada muestra individual y cada pool se analizaron con las técnicas de E.L.I.S.A. convencional y rápida (Abbott HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA y TEST PACK). Todas las muestras repetidamente positivas se confirmaron con la técnica de Western Blot (Cambridge Biotech HIV). Cada pool tanto de suero como de saliva fue estudiado de la misma manera. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un 100 por ciento de correlación tanto en las muestras consideradas inidividualmente como en las combinadas; la especificidad, sensibilidad y valor predictivo no se vieron afectadas con el empleo de muestas combinadas (pools) ya fueran de suero o de saliva.

[Sex education]. / Educación sexual.

PIP: After discussing the idea of sexuality, or, better, the notion of sexual repression according to Freud, the author states that sex education as imparted nowadays consists simply in more or less complete information on the anatomo-physiological structure of reproductive organs. Sex education is not a problem to be solved in schools, but a fundamental one to be tackled within the family and society.^ieng