Comparison of 8-weeks of full versus split body resistance training on appetite and energy intake in non-obese untrained men.

To investigate the effects of 8-weeks of full versus split body resistance training (RT) on appetite and energy intake in non-obese untrained men. The participants were pair-matched based on their initial fat mass and then randomly allocated into one of two treatment groups: Full body (FB, n = 20), in which all muscle groups were trained in every session, or Split body (SB, n = 15), in which upper and lower muscle groups were trained alternated per session; both groups trained in non-consecutive days, three times per week with total number of sets performed equated between groups. Energy intake, body composition, and strength performance were evaluated at pre-training, and after 8-weeks of RT, as well as self-reported hunger, fullness, and desire to eat, that were assessed at fasted and feed states pre- and post-intervention. FB and SB resistance training increased fat-free mass (FFM) (p < 0.001); and FB induced greater maximal strength improvement (p = 0.027). At fasted state self-reported hunger increased, and fullness decreased, while in feed state desire to eat something fatty increased in both groups. Carbohydrate intake (p = 0.011) decreased in both groups. In conclusion, FB and SB training increased orexigenic drive (increasing hunger and decreasing fullness), however, total energy intake and fat mass did not change after 8-weeks of RT in non-obese untrained men.Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials no. RBR-3wkcvyw.

Effect of a cajuína hydroelectrolytic drink on the physical performance and hydration status of recreational runners.

Cajuína is a processed drink derived from cashew and is widely consumed in the northeast region of Brazil. This study evaluated the effect of a cajuína-based hydroelectrolytic drink on the aerobic performance and hydration status of recreational runners. Seventeen males (31.9 ± 1.6 years, 51.0 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) performed three time-to-exhaustion running sessions on a treadmill at 70% VO2max, ingesting cajuína hydroelectrolytic drink (CJ), high carbohydrate commercial hydroelectrolytic drink (CH) and mineral water (W) every 15 min during the running test. The participants ran 80.3 ± 8.4 min in CJ, 70.3 ± 6.8 min in CH and 71.8 ± 6.9 min in W, with no statistical difference between procedures. Nevertheless, an effect size of η2 = 0.10 (moderate) was observed. No statistical difference was observed in the concentrations of sodium, potassium, and osmolality in both serum and urine between the three conditions. However, the effect size was moderate (urine sodium) and high (serum sodium, potassium, and osmolality). Urine specific gravity, sweating rate and heart rate were not significantly different between drinks. The cajuína-based hydroelectrolytic drink promotes similar effects compared to commercial hydroelectrolytic drink and water, considering specific urine gravity, heart rate, sweating, and time to exhaustion in recreational runners.

Physical and autonomic functionality in women with breast cancer pre and post chemotherapy: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most incident types of cancer among women in the world. Although chemotherapy is an effective way to treat several types of cancer, it may also cause serious complications, including cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to identify the impact of chemotherapy on functional capacity, muscle strength and autonomic function. METHODS: Ten breast cancer patients in therapeutic follow-up (TG) and ten women without comorbidities (CG) participated in the study (46±8.87 years old). Both groups were evaluated at two time points, before and 20 weeks after the start of chemotherapy. Functional capacity and muscle strength were assessed by 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and handgrip test, respectively. Autonomic function was assessed by heart rate variability analysis. RESULTS: TG presented greater reductions in the handgrip test for the non-dominant hand (TG ↓15.2%; CG: ↑1.1%, p<0.05) compared to GC. However, no significant differences were found regarding VO2max (p>0.05) and 6MWT total distance (p>0.05). Regarding the heart rate variability variables before and after follow-up period, rMSSD (CG= 39.15±37.66; TG= 14.89±8.28, p= 0.01) and SDNN (CG= 55.77±40.03; TG= 26.30±10.37, p= 0.02) showed effect in the group and time interaction, whereas the LF/HF ratio presented significant difference only in the time analysis (CG= 2.24±2.30; TG= 2.84±1.82, p= 0.04). CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy used in the treatment of breast cancer patients resulted in decreased muscle strength and autonomic imbalance. The data suggests that chemotherapy may carry the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registration not required.

Antibacterial and Healing Effect of Chicha Gum Hydrogel (Sterculia striata) with Nerolidol.

Chicha gum is a natural polymer obtained from the Sterculia striata plant. The hydroxyl groups of its structure have a chemical affinity to form hydrogels, which favors the association with biologically active molecules, such as nerolidol. This association improves the biological properties and allows the material to be used in drug delivery systems. Chicha gum hydrogels associated with nerolidol were produced at two concentrations: 0.01 and 0.02 g mL-1. Then, the hydrogels were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and rheological analysis. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina. Finally, an in vivo healing assay was carried out. The infrared characterization indicated that interactions were formed during the gel reticulation. This implies the presence of nerolidol in the regions at 3100-3550 cm-1. The rheological properties changed with an increasing concentration of nerolidol, which resulted in less viscous materials. An antibacterial 83.6% growth inhibition effect was observed using the hydrogel with 0.02 g mL-1 nerolidol. The in vivo healing assay showed the practical activity of the hydrogels in the wound treatment, as the materials promoted efficient re-epithelialization. Therefore, it was concluded that the chicha hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound-healing products.

Chronic capsiate supplementation increases fat-free mass and upper body strength but not the inflammatory response to resistance exercise in young untrained men: a randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: Acute capsaicinoid and capsinoid supplementation has endurance and resistance exercise benefits; however, if these short-term performance benefits translate into chronic benefits when combined with resistance training is currently unknown. This study investigated changes of chronic Capsiate supplementation on muscular adaptations, inflammatory response and performance in untrained men. METHODS: Twenty untrained men were randomized to ingest 12 mg Capsiate (CAP) or placebo in a parallel, double-blind design. Body composition and performance were measured at pre-training and after 6 weeks of resistance training. An acute resistance exercise session test was performed pre and post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at rest and post-resistance exercise to analyze Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Soluble TNF- receptor (sTNF-r), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS: Exercise and CAP supplementation increased fat-free mass in comparison to baseline by 1.5 kg (P < 0.001), however, the majority of the increase (1.0 kg) resulted from an increase in total body water. The CAP change scores for fat-free mass were significantly greater in comparison to the placebo (CAP ∆%= 2.1 ± 1.8 %, PLA ∆%= 0.7 ± 1.3 %, P = 0.043) and there was a significant difference between groups in the bench press exercise (P = 0.034) with greater upper body strength change score for CAP (∆%= 13.4 ± 9.1 %) compared to placebo (∆%= 5.8 ± 5.2 %), P = 0.041. CAP had no effect on lower body strength and no supplementation interactions were observed for all cytokines in response to acute resistance exercise (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic Capsiate supplementation combined with resistance training during short period (6 weeks) increased fat-free mass and upper body strength but not inflammatory response and performance in young untrained men.

Comparative Study Between Low Level Laser and Therapeutic Ultrasound in Second Intention Ulcers Repair in Mice.

Introduction: An ulcer is an injury that affects the skin and has many causes. Healing is a way of protecting the body against any infectious agent that tries to infect you through the wound. Low level laser (LLL) in the treatment of ulcers, aims at maintaining the stability of the physiological process of tissue repair and ultrasound (US) acts by increasing the elasticity of tissue and scarring. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of LLL and US in wound healing of ulcers induced in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, a sample of 36 guinea pigs was divided into 6 groups of 6 mice, 2 groups as control (C7) and (C14), 2 treated with laser (GL7) and (GL14) and the others 2 treated with ultrasound (GU7) and (GU14). The ulcer was induced and after 7 days, 6 mice from each group were sacrificed to obtain the histological sections for analysis, and the remaining 6 mice from each group continued under treatment and in day 14, they were sacrificed to obtain histologic specimens while macroscopic image was also carried out. Results: Three aspects were analyzed, the percentage of wound regression where it was observed that there was a significant difference in the first 7 days. Regarding the inflammatory process, it was observed that in the first 7 days GL7 and GU7 improved significantly and within 14 days of the experimental period GU14 showed a significant difference when compared to C14. The number of fibroblasts present in the GL at 7 days showed a significant difference compared to the others, and at 14 days, the US group had a significant difference compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Thus, it was evident that the US had more effective results with anti-inflammatory action, better organization and increased deposition of collagen and fibroblasts. Therefore, it can be concluded that other studies are consistent with this taking into account the laser must be used during the early days of the initial healing process and the US during the end of this process.

Topical action of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) in myositis induced in rats.

PURPOSE: To analyze the topical effects of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) in induced myositis in rats. METHODS: Thirty six male rats divided into three groups: Control group (C), induced myositis group (MI) and induced myositis group reated with Mauritia flexuosa L. (MT). After inducing myositis with 1% acetic acid, was topically applied 0.5 ml of Mauritia flexuosa L.extract on the posterior region of the right gastrocnemius muscle in animals belonging to group MT, for 7 and 14 days. RESULTS: The neutrophil number there was statistically significant difference, after 7 and 14 days, between groups C and MI (p <0.001) (p<0.01). The group MT there was a significant difference in relation to MI group in both experimental times with (p<0.001). The number of fibroblasts in the 14 days showed that when comparing the groups M and MT the differences were also significant (p<0.001). As for the DLL, in 7 days, there was a significant difference between group C and MI group (p <0.001). When considering the MT group, there was a significant difference in relation to the MI group (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: The extract of Mauritia flexuosa L. leaves lessened acute and chronic inflammation, increased fibroblast proliferation and reduced macroscopically edema.

Topical action of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L) in myositis induced in rats

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the topical effects of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) in induced myositis in rats. Methods: Thirty six male rats divided into three groups: Control group (C), induced myositis group (MI) and induced myositis group reated with Mauritia flexuosa L. (MT). After inducing myositis with 1% acetic acid, was topically applied 0.5 ml of Mauritia flexuosa L.extract on the posterior region of the right gastrocnemius muscle in animals belonging to group MT, for 7 and 14 days. Results: The neutrophil number there was statistically significant difference, after 7 and 14 days, between groups C and MI (p <0.001) (p<0.01). The group MT there was a significant difference in relation to MI group in both experimental times with (p<0.001). The number of fibroblasts in the 14 days showed that when comparing the groups M and MT the differences were also significant (p<0.001). As for the DLL, in 7 days, there was a significant difference between group C and MI group (p <0.001). When considering the MT group, there was a significant difference in relation to the MI group (p <0.001). Conclusion: The extract of Mauritia flexuosa L. leaves lessened acute and chronic inflammation, increased fibroblast proliferation and reduced macroscopically edema.

Estudo histológico do efeito agudo de prata coloidal nos órgãos de ratos Wistar / Histological study of the acute effects of colloidal silver in organs of Wistar rats

Objetivo: detectar possíveis alterações em órgãos de ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) após a administraçãopor via oral de prata coloidal para posterior análise histológica. Metodologia: este estudo experimental comabordagem quanti-qualitativa, consistiu em 24 ratas não-isogênicas, nulíparas, com massa corpórea entre de190 a 260 gramas, divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos, controle e experimento. Os ratos receberamdoses diárias de 5 mL/kg de prata coloidal. Resultados: no grupo controle não se detectou quaisqueralterações orgânicas. O grupo experimento, porém, apresentou alterações renais e hepáticas após o 14oeentre o 7oe 14odia de exposição, respectivamente. Discussão: a análise histopatológica dos rins dos animaisevidenciou que todos os 12 animais do grupo tratado com prata coloidal apresentaram nefrite, congestão,tumefação turva e espessamento de alças glomerulares. As alterações hepáticas foram congestão e tumefaçãoturva, núcleo aumentado e vacuolizado. Conclusão: os achados apontam potencial toxicidade da pratacoloidal aos rins e fígados de ratas Wistar.

Objective: to detect possible alterations in Wistar rats’ (Rattus norvegicus) organs after oral administrationof colloidal silver for subsequent histological analysis. Methodology: this experimental study with quantitativeand qualitative approach consisted of 24 non-isogenic, nulliparous rats, with body mass between 190-260grams, randomly divided into two groups, control and experiment. The rats received daily doses of 10 mL/kgof colloidal silver. Results: in the control group, no organic alterations were detected. The experimentalgroup, however, presented kidney and liver alterations after the 14th and between the 7th and 14th day ofexposure, respectively. Discussion: the histopathological analysis of the kidneys of these animals showed thatall twelve treated with colloidal silver showed nephritis, congestion, cloudy swelling, and thickening ofglomerular loops. Hepatic lesions were congestion and cloudy swelling, and increased and vacuolated nucleus.Conclusion: the findings indicated potential toxicity of colloidal silver to the kidneys and liver of Wistar rats.

Efeitos da Passiflora edulis S. no processo de cicatrização em queimaduras induzidas em camundongos / Effects of Passiflora edulis S. in the healing process burns induced in mice

Introdução: Queimaduras levam à destruição parcial ou total dos tecidos expostos. A Passiflora edulis S. trata inflamações cutâneas. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do extrato da Passiflora edulis em queimaduras induzidas em camundongos. Métodos: 30 camundongos, divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos iguais: Controle (C), Queimaduras (Q) e Queimadura tratado com extrato da Passiflora edulis S. (QT) subdivididos em sete e 14 dias. A avaliação qualitativa se baseou na presença de células inflamatória, fibroblastos e organização das fibras colágenas e a quantitativa no programa Image J®, função "cell conter". Resultados: Houve redução no número das células inflamatórias e aumento no número de fibroblastos no grupo QT aos sete dias, em comparação com os demais grupos. Aos 14 dias observa-se uma organização das fibras colágenas e uma diferença significativa (p<0,001), do número de fibroblastos, quando se relacionam os grupos Q e QT. Conclusão: O extrato da Passiflora edulis S. acelerou o processo de reparo das queimaduras induzidas em camundongos.

Introduction: Burns lead to partial or total destruction of the exposed tissue. The Passiflora edulis S. treats skin inflammation. Objective: Evaluating the effects of the Passiflora edulis S. extract in burns induced in mice. Methods: 30 mice, randomly divided in three equal groups: Control (C), Burns (Q) and Burns treated with the Passiflora edulis S. extract (QT) split in seven and fourteen days. The qualitative evaluation was based on the presence of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and organization of the collagen fibers and the quantitative was based on the Image J® program, function "cell counter". Results: A reduction of the amount of inflammatory cells and a raise on fibroblasts was noted on the QT group after seven days. After the fourteen days it was observed an organization of the collagen fibers and a significant difference (p<0,001) on the fibroblasts number when related to the Q and QT groups. Conclusion: The Passiflora edulis S. extract accelerated the repair process of the induced burns on mice.

The low-level laser on acute myositis in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of the low-level laser therapy in the acute myositis induced in rats. METHODS: Twelve rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy for inducing osteoporosis. After surgery, they were divided into two groups: Ovariectomy-control group (G1, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml distilled water by gavage for 30 days, and Ovariectomy plus mastruz group (G2, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml of the hydroalcoholic extract of mastruz at 10% concentration (50mg) daily, for the same period. Then, the blood of the animals was collected for further biochemical analysis (liver function) and tibia and liver were removed for histological and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS: In the MT group there was a statistic significant decrease in the number of inflammatory cells, related to the MI group (p<0.05), increase in the fibroblastic proliferation, when compared to groups C and MI related to MT group (p<0.01) and statistic significant edema regression (p=0.0400) in the MT group CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy was efficient in the reduction of the inflammatory process, increase of the fibroblastic proliferation and the reduction of the edema.

The low-level laser on acute myositis in rats.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of the low-level laser therapy in the acute myositis induced in rats. METHODS: Twelve rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy for inducing osteoporosis. After surgery, they were divided into two groups: Ovariectomy-control group (G1, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml distilled water by gavage for 30 days, and Ovariectomy plus mastruz group (G2, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml of the hydroalcoholic extract of mastruz at 10% concentration (50mg) daily, for the same period. Then, the blood of the animals was collected for further biochemical analysis (liver function) and tibia and liver were removed for histological and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS: In the MT group there was a statistic significant decrease in the number of inflammatory cells, related to the MI group (p<0.05), increase in the fibroblastic proliferation, when compared to groups C and MI related to MT group (p<0.01) and statistic significant edema regression (p=0.0400) in the MT group CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy was efficient in the reduction of the inflammatory process, increase of the fibroblastic proliferation and the reduction of the edema.

Estudo do creme de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) no processo de cicatrização / Study of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) cream in the healing process

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do creme de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L .) na cicatrização de lesões cutâneas em camundongos. Métodos: Cinquenta e seis camundongos foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico de exérese da pele na região dorsal. Após a cirurgia, os grupos foram tratados com solução fisiológica 0,9%, creme de buriti a 5% e a 10% e Fibrase®. Resultados: No sétimo dia, foi observada uma redução significativa da área da ferida nos animais tratados com creme de buriti 5% e Fibrase® em relação ao controle. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos no 14º dia de tratamento. A análise histológica demonstrou a presença de tecido de granulação mais evoluído, fibras colágenas e fibroblastos nas amostras do creme de buriti a 5% e Fibrase a partir do sétimo dia de tratamento. Conclusão: O creme de óleo de buriti a 5% apresentou capacidade aceleração do processo de cicatrização.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) cream on the healing of skin lesions in mice. Methods: Fifty-six mice underwent surgical procedure of excision of the skin in the dorsal region. After surgery, the groups were treated with saline 0.9%, buriti cream 5% and 10% and Fibrase®. Results: On the seventh day was observed a significant reduction of the wound area in the animals treated with cream buriti 5% and Fibrase® when compared to control. No differences were observed between groups on the 14 th day of treatment. Histological examination showed the presence of granulation issue more evolved, fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the samples buriti cream 5% and Fibrase® from the seventh day of treatment. Conclusion: The buriti cream 5% is able to accelerate the healing process.