Gold Nanoparticle-Loaded Silica Nanospheres for Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A.

In this work, silica nanospheres were used as support for gold nanoparticles and applied for bisphenol A electrochemical detection. The development of new silica-supported materials has attracted increasing attention in the scientific world. One approach of interest is using silica nanospheres as support for gold nanoparticles. These materials have a variety of applications in several areas, such as electrochemical sensors. The obtained materials were characterized by solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical techniques. The electrode modified with AuSiO2700/CHI/Pt was applied as an electrochemical sensor for BPA, presenting an oxidation potential of 0.842 V and a higher peak current among the tested materials. The AuSiO2700/CHI/Pt electrode showed a logarithmic response for the detection of BPA in the range of 1-1000 nmol L-1, with a calculated detection limit of 7.75 nmol L-1 and a quantification limit of 25.8 nmol L-1. Thus, the electrode AuSiO2700/CHI/Pt was presented as a promising alternative to an electrochemical sensor in the detection of BPA.

Is There More to Olive Oil than Healthy Lipids?

The Mediterranean diet is a healthy dietary pattern whose main characteristic is olive oil consumption. The potential health benefits of olive oil have been extensively investigated and the present review provides the more recent clinical evidence supporting the positive impact of olive oil intake on human health. PubMed (n = 227) and Scopus (n = 308) databases were searched for published clinical studies in English over the past six years (October 2016 to December 2022), following key word searches of "olive oil" and "health". Major findings associated olive oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improvement in endothelial function and lipid profile, prevention of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and modulation of the gut microbiota. These benefits are attributed to the nutritional composition of olive oil, which has a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (oleic acid in particular) and minor compounds such as polyphenols (oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol). Although additional research continues to be required, the more recently generated evidence supports the potential of olive oil to contribute beneficially to health and to the prevention and management of a variety of non-communicable diseases, as a consequence of the synergism between its components' complexity.

Clinical predictors of potentially impacted canines in low-risk patients: A retrospective study in mixed dentition.

Objective: To evaluate the null hypothesis that there is no difference in a set of clinical predictors of potentially impacted canines between low-risk patients with and without displaced canines. Methods: The normal canine position group consisted of 30 patients with 60 normally erupting canines ranked in sector I (age, 9.30 ± 0.94 years). The displaced canine group comprised 30 patients with 41 potentially impacted canines ranked in sectors II to IV (age, 9.46 ± 0.78 years). Maxillary lateral incisor crown angulation, inclination, rotation, width, height, and shape, as well as palatal depth, arch length, width, and perimeter composed a set of clinical predictors, which were evaluated on digital dental casts. Statistical analyses consisted of group comparisons and variable correlations (p < 0.05). Results: There was a significant association between sex and mesially displaced canines. Unilateral canine displacement was more prevalent than bilateral displacement. The crown of the maxillary lateral incisors was significantly angulated more mesially and rotated mesiolabially in low-risk patients with displaced canines, who also had a shallower palate and shorter anterior dental arch length. Lateral incisor crown angulation and rotation, as well as palatal depth and arch length, were significantly correlated with the canine displacement severity. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Maxillary lateral incisor angulation inconsistent with the "ugly duckling" stage as well as a shallow palate and short arch length are clinical predictors that can significantly contribute to the early screening of ectopic canines in low-risk patients.

Root resorption in Class II malocclusion treatment with and without maxillary premolar extractions.

INTRODUCTION: Class II malocclusion treatment efficiency with maxillary premolar extractions has been reported. However, no study evaluated the root resorption associated with this protocol. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the degree of root resorption of the maxillary incisors in Class II malocclusion treatment with and without maxillary premolar extractions. METHODS: The sample consisted of 56 patients with complete Class II malocclusion, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 28 patients (10 female, 18 male) treated with maxillary first premolar extractions, and group 2 was composed of 28 patients (16 female, 12 male) treated without extractions. The groups were matched regarding initial age, treatment time, crowding, initial malocclusion severity, finishing quality, initial overjet, and overbite. Periapical radiographs of the maxillary incisors were used to assess the degree of root resorption using a scoring system. In addition, treatment changes involving maxillary incisors were evaluated in lateral headfilms. Intergroup comparisons were performed with t, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests (P <0.05). RESULTS: Overjet, overbite, inclination, vertical positional changes, and vertical and horizontal apical displacements of maxillary incisors were similar between groups. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding root resorption of maxillary incisors. Root resorption degree ranged from mild to moderate in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treating complete Class II malocclusion with 2 maxillary premolar extractions resulted in a similar root resorption as treating without maxillary premolar extractions. An individualized evaluation of root resorption predisposing factors should be performed for each patient.

Torqued and conventional cantilever for uprighting mesially impacted molars: A 3-dimensional finite element analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the torqued cantilever (TC) and conventional tip-back cantilever (CC) made of stainless steel (SS) and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) on the uprighting of mesially impacted mandibular molars using three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: The 3-dimensional mandibular model included part of the mandible with mesially tipped and impacted mandibular second molar, periodontal ligament (PDL), molar tube, mini-implant, and cantilevers. Four finite element method models (TC-SS, TC-TMA, CC-SS, and CC-TMA) were created to simulate different skeletally anchored uprighting mechanics. CC mechanics involved a known 0.019 × 0.025-in helical cantilever acting on a buccal molar tube. TC mechanics included a 0.019 × 0.025-in cantilever capable of producing mesial root torque by acting on a tube positioned on the molar disto-occlusal surface with the slot in a buccolingual direction. Three-dimensional molar displacement and stress distribution on the molar PDL were recorded. RESULTS: The SS cantilever produced almost twice as much molar displacement as the TMA. TC mechanics showed more evident mesial displacement of the molar root apexes. CC mechanics had greater molar rotation. TC uprighting moment produced greater molar mesial extrusion and greater intrusion of the distal root apex. The dual deflection system of the TC mechanics induced the lowest stress on the PDL, regardless of the metallic alloy. CONCLUSIONS: TC delivered a more efficient uprighting moment to the molar with less unwanted tooth movement and stress on the PDL and a more accessible site for bonding the molar tube.

Reliability of an indirect bone-probing method for diagnosis of labial bone crest level of the mandibular anterior teeth.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the null hypothesis that there would be no difference between the labial bone crest level of the mandibular anterior teeth evaluated with an indirect bone-probing method (IBP) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine adult patients with a mean age of 32.15 ± 8.75 years were enrolled. An IBP based on indirect tactile perception was used to determine the labial bone crest level of the mandibular anterior teeth clinically. Bone crest perception degree, gingival thickness, and patient discomfort during IBP were also recorded. CBCT scans were used to evaluate the level and thickness of the labial bone crest. IBP and CBCT methods were compared statistically. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the labial bone crest level diagnosed by IBP and CBCT. However, the difference was not clinically significant. IBP and CBCT measurements were significantly and strongly correlated (R = 0.74). Thinner gingival tissue was associated with a higher perception of bone crest. Only two patients reported mild to moderate discomfort during IBP. CONCLUSIONS: IBP allowed the labial bone crest level to be determined with acceptable clinical accuracy, especially in patients with thinner gingival tissue.

Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the clinical and sexual practices of dental students / Conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS e práticas clínicas e sexuais de estudantes de Odontologia

The aim of the study was to assess knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the clinical and sexual practices of dental students. This was a cross-sectional study in which a self-administered questionnaire about age, gender, and dental program term; knowledge of HIV/AIDStransmission and prevention; use of personal protective equipment; prevention and occurrence of accidental exposure to biological material; post-exposure conduct; and sexual behavior was answered by dental students (n = 148, answer rate of 91.9%). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (chi-square and Fisher's exact tests) were performed, at a significance level of 5%. Students correctly recognized the routes of HIV transmission, including "blood" (100%), "sexual.3%). Regarding frequency of condom use during sexual intercourse, 37% of dental students said "always," 55.5% "sometimes" and 7.6% "never". Regarding clinical practices, 99.3% of dental students said they used personal protective equipment, 28.4% had intercourse" (99.3%), "vertical transmission" (58.1%) and "sharing contaminated material" (94.6%), and ways of prevention, including "condom use" (100%) and "not sharing needles and syringes" (99suffered percutaneous injuries, the needle was the most cited exposure agent (32.5%) and in most cases (54.8%), no providences were taken after the accident. In conclusion, the students had good knowledge of HIV / AIDS and appropriate preventive attitudes in clinical care and handling of sharp instruments; however, they still need to be motivated with regard to condom use and oriented about care after accidental exposure to biological material (AU).

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento de HIV/AIDS e as práticas clínicas e sexuais de estudantes de Odontologia. Este foi um estudo transversal, no qual um questionário autoadministrado abordando: idade, gênero, período do curso; conhecimento sobre transmissão e prevenção de HIV/AIDS; uso de equipamentos de proteção individual; prevenção e ocorrência de exposição acidental a material biológico; conduta pós-exposição e comportamento sexual foi respondido por alunos de Odontologia (n = 148, taxa deresposta de 91.9%). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritiva e inferencial (testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher), comnível de significância de 5%. Os estudantes reconheceram corretamente as rotas de transmissão de HIV, incluindo "sangue" (100%), "relação sexual" (99,3%), "transmissão vertical" (58,1%) e "compartilhamento de material contaminado" (94,6%) e os meios de prevenção, incluindo "uso de preservativo" (100%) e "não compartilhar agulhas e seringas" (99,3%). Quanto à frequência do uso de preservativo nas relações sexuais, 37% dos estudantes responderam "sempre", 55,5% "às vezes" e 7,6% "nunca". Com relação a práticas clínicas, 99,3% dos estudantes de Odontologia afirmaram utilizar equipamentos de proteção individual, 28,4% já sofreram acidente perfurocortante, sendo agulha o agente de exposição mais citado (32,5%) e na maioria dos casos (54,8%) nenhuma medida foi tomada após o acidente. Em conclusão, os estudantes exibiram bom conhecimento acerca de HIV/AIDS e atitudes preventivas adequadasno atendimento clínico e manejo de instrumentais perfurocortantes, entretanto ainda precisam ser motivados quanto ao uso de preservativo e orientados sobre os cuidados pós-exposição acidental a material biológico (AU).

Use of statistical modeling for BTEX prediction in cases of crude oil spill in seawater.

Cases of oil spillage and leakage in marine environments are increasing, and generating a need to quickly assess the presence of these contaminants in seawater. This work aims to estimate the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) dissolved in seawater in cases of oil spillage using experimental factorial planning. The study factors were oil °API and oil/seawater contact time after spillage. The models obtained were able to satisfactorily estimate BTEX concentrations, with accuracy greater than 99.3% within the ranges studied, with R² correlation coefficients ranging from 0.992 to 0.997. The models presented forecast efficiency higher than 88%, with low relative errors, ranging from 0.1% to 12%. The concentrations of benzene dissolved in seawater found experimentally with only one hour of spillage, for the two types of oils studied, were higher than allowed by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating real environmental risk in cases of spillage of these types of oil into the sea. These results can corroborate the development of a risk assessment in oil spills within the studied ranges and serve as a useful analytical tool for emergencies.

Development of dentofacial characteristics related to Incontinentia Pigmenti syndrome: A repeated cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to investigate the dentofacial characteristics of patients with Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) (or Bloch-Sulzberger) syndrome in childhood, juvenile, and adulthood developmental stages. METHODS: Fifteen female patients with a clinical diagnosis of IP, genetically confirmed by molecular testing, were included in this study. The records of 25 nonsyndromic females with Class I occlusion and lateral cephalograms obtained at similar developmental stages were selected from the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Legacy Collection as a control group. Dentofacial features of subjects with IP and those in the control group were compared statistically using t test and Mann-Whitney rank-sum test (significance was defined as P <0.05). RESULTS: In general, patients with IP had shorter maxillary and mandibular length, straight skeletal profile, hypodivergent growth pattern with a tendency to mandibular protrusion, shorter anterior facial height, Class III compensatory positioning of incisors, more retruded lips, and smaller maxillary incisor exposure. The degree of hypodontia severity had a significant impact on skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue features in patients with IP. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that, since childhood, the dentofacial characteristics of patients with IP were progressively distancing from those of nonsyndromic patients with Class I occlusion, presenting their own orthodontic needs.

Mechanical strength of stainless steel and titanium alloy mini-implants with different diameters: an experimental laboratory study.

BACKGROUND: The mechanical strength of mini-implants is a critical factor due to their small diameters. Currently, it is not possible to state whether there is a relevant difference between the mechanical properties of stainless steel (SS-MIs) and titanium alloy mini-implants (TA-MIs). The objective of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the mechanical strength of SS-MIs and TA-MIs, and to analyze, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the SS-MI, and TA-MI threads resistance to morphological damage after insertion. METHODS: A standardized sample of 504 SS-MIs and TA-MIs with diameters ranging from 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm was used. Torsional fracture was performed in 154 MIs. Flexural strength of 280 MIs was evaluated at 1 mm and 2 mm-deflection. The threads of 70 MIs were morphologically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after their insertion in high-density artificial bone blocks. Comparisons between SS-MIs and TA-MIs were performed with t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of variables on the ranging of MI mechanical strength. RESULTS: SS-MIs had higher fracture torque. The mean difference between the SS-MIs and TA-MIs fracture torque was of 4.09 Ncm. The MI diameter explained 90.3% of the total variation in fracture torque, while only 2.2% was explained by the metallic alloy. The SS-MI group presented a higher deformation force during the 1mm and 2mm-deflection. The mean difference between the flexural strength of SS and TA-MIs at 1 mm and 2 mm-deflection was of 18.21 N and 17.55 N, respectively. There was no noticeable morphological damage to the threads of SS-MIs and TA-MIs. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis was rejected. SS-MIs were 13.2% and 20.2% more resistant to torsional fracture and deflection, respectively. The threads of the SS-MIs and TA-MIs were not damaged during the insertion and removal process. Thus, the use of SS-MI can reduce the fracture risk without increasing the MI diameter.

Short-term efficacy of vacuum-formed maintainer for deciduous second molar space maintenance in the mixed dentition: A single-centre, randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of vacuum-formed and banded space maintainers for deciduous second molar space maintenance during the mixed dentition. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: The study sample comprised thirty children in the mixed dentition (age range, 5.9 to 9.8 years) with early loss of at least one deciduous second molar. METHODS: This was a parallel-group, randomized, active-controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated to space maintenance performed with vacuum-formed or banded space maintainers with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The main outcome was any change in mesiodistal width of the extraction space. Secondary outcomes included the lingual rolling or axial rotation of the permanent first molar adjacent to the extraction site and extrusion of the antagonist tooth. Dental casts were obtained before appliance installation (T0), after 3 months (T1) and after 6 months (T2). Digital dental casts were measured using Dolphin 3D software. Chi-square, t test or Mann-Whitney and ANOVA or Friedman test were used for intra- and intergroup comparisons (P < .05). RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups except for chronological age. Statistically, but not clinically significant space loss (mean, 0.32 mm; SD, ± 0.39) occurred with the vacuum-formed space maintainer only at the first trimester (T0-T1). Lingual rolling and axial rotation of the first permanent molar were not significant, as well as extrusion of the antagonist tooth. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that both tested devices were effective in maintaining space after early extraction of the deciduous second molar over a period of 6 months.

Effect of Class II camouflage treatment on anterior arch length ratio and canine relationship.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the influence of compensatory tipping of maxillary and mandibular incisors on the anterior arch length ratio and canine relationship in skeletal Class II malocclusion. METHODS: The study was based on posttreatment lateral head films and dental casts of 88 patients. The sample was divided into a Class II malocclusion group (32 patients; ANB ≥5° and mean [± standard deviation] age, 20.82 ± 7.67 years) and a Class I malocclusion group (56 patients; 1° ≤ ANB ≤ 2.5° and mean [± standard deviation] age, 19.20 ± 5.04 years). Measurements obtained for anterior arch length and width, Bolton discrepancy, canine relationship, growth pattern, and incisor position were compared between the groups. The canine relationship was correlated with dental and skeletal variables (P <0.05). RESULTS: The mean ANB angles were 6.21° and 1.78° for the Class II and Class I malocclusion groups, respectively. The skeletal Class II group presented significantly larger mandibular anterior arch length, producing an unbalanced anterior arch length ratio. The canine relationship was more displaced toward Class II in this group. Anterior arch length ratio was the most influential variable in the canine relationship. The mandibular incisors had a higher compensation degree than the maxillary incisors. The groups were similar regarding overjet, overbite, and growth pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Class II malocclusion camouflage treatment with excessive proclination of the mandibular incisors was associated with an increase in mandibular arch length, negatively influencing the anterior arch length ratio and the final canine relationship. Mandibular anterior arch length reduction by interproximal stripping may be necessary in moderate to severe skeletal Class II malocclusion orthodontic treatment.

Dissipating tooth-mass discrepancy caused by a set of mandibular incisor anomalies.

Dental anomalies are complicating factors of orthodontic treatment, especially when 1 or more anterior teeth are affected. In this case report, a girl, aged 12.5 years with a retrognathic chin; number, size, and position anomalies of the mandibular incisors; and bilateral Class I molar relationship sought orthodontic treatment. Tooth-size ratio discrepancy was dissipated without extraction or prosthetic rehabilitation, and the initial molar relationship was maintained, as well as the straight soft tissue profile. Tipping of maxillary and mandibular incisors, crown torque of canines, restoration of anomalous incisor, and maxillary interproximal enamel reduction were key points for successful treatment. After 18 months, the orthodontic records showed stable results, excellent static and functional occlusion, and good smile esthetics and facial appearance, in addition to a high degree of patient satisfaction with the achieved results.

Influence of the growth pattern on cortical bone thickness and mini-implant stability.

INTRODUCTION: Controversial reports suggest a relationship between growth pattern and cortical alveolar bone thickness, and its effect in the use of mini-implants. OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the growth pattern on the cortical alveolar bone thickness and on the stability and success rate of mini-implants. METHODS: Fifty-six mini-implants were inserted in the buccal region of the maxilla of 30 patients. These patients were allocated into two groups, based on their growth pattern (horizontal group [HG] and vertical group [VG]). Cortical thickness was measured using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Stability of mini-implants, soft tissue in the insertion site, sensitivity during loading and plaque around the mini-implants were evaluated once a month. Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and Fisher exact tests. Correlations were evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The cortical bone thickness was significantly greater in the HG at the maxillary labial anterior region and at the mandibular buccal posterior and labial anterior regions. There was a significant negative correlation between Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) and the labial cortical thickness of the maxilla, and with the labial and lingual cortical bone thicknesses of the mandible. No significant intergroup difference was found for mini-implant mobility and success rate. No associated factor influenced stability of the mini-implants. CONCLUSIONS: Growth pattern affects the alveolar bone cortical thickness in specific areas of the maxilla and mandible, with horizontal patients presenting greater cortical bone thickness. However, this fact may have no influence on the stability and success rate of mini-implants in the maxillary buccal posterior region.

X-ray beam angulation can compromise 2-dimensional diagnosis of interradicular space for mini-implants.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of x-ray projection geometry on interradicular space of the posterior maxillary arch. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 32 patients (16.85 ± 4.93 years) who met the selection criteria were enrolled. One hundred ninety-two interradicular sites of the posterior maxillary arch were evaluated. Before measurements, each side of the maxillary arch was orientated in all 3 planes of space to obtain CBCT synthesized periapical radiographs with 0° projection geometry (orthogonal x-ray beam-orthogonal X-ray angulation [OX]). Standardized CBCT axial rotations (10°, 20°, -10°, and -20°) were used to simulate periapical radiographs taken with mesial and distal angulation of the x-ray beam (mesial x-ray angulation [MX] and distal x-ray angulation [DX]). Interradicular space widths were measured on OX, MX, and DX CBCT synthesized periapical radiographs. Measurements were performed parallel to the occlusal plane at 3 mm and 6 mm apical to the midpoint of the alveolar crest. Interradicular distances were statistically compared (P <0.05). RESULTS: Interradicular distances measured on MX and DX CBCT synthesized periapical radiographs were significantly smaller than those measured on OX. Interradicular distance was significantly correlated with the horizontal angulation of the x-ray beam. X-ray projection angle was the most influential variable on interradicular distance. About 30% reduction in interradicular space was observed for every 10° of deviation from orthogonal x-ray. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional radiographs obtained away from the 0° projection geometry can reduce the actual interradicular space for mini-implants, inducing misdiagnosis.

Short-term impact of rapid maxillary expansion on ectopically and normally erupting canines.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term impact of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the eruption paths of ectopically and normally erupting maxillary canines in the mixed dentition. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with 49 ectopically erupting canines (EEC group; age, 9.53 ± 1.10 years) and 18 patients with 27 normally erupting canines (NEC group; age, 9.25 ± 1.06 years) underwent RME. Thirty-six subjects with 54 normally erupting canines composed the untreated control group (UC group; age, 9.03 ± 0.72 years). Horizontal, vertical, and angular positions of canines and adjacent teeth were evaluated in the expanded (EEC and NEC groups) and unexpanded (UC group) patients using panoramic radiographs taken at 2 times with a 1-year interval. The radiographic evaluation methods included score ranking and proportional measurements to minimize panoramic radiograph limitations. Statistical comparisons were performed among the groups (P <0.05). RESULTS: Before expansion, the EEC group's canines were significantly closer to the midline, more distant from the occlusal plane, and more mesially angulated than those in the UC group. After expansion, the canine positions in the EEC and UC groups were similar, whereas the NEC group had a more favorable canine position for eruption. The EEC and NEC groups showed similar canine positional changes, whereas the UC group had the smallest changes. The positions of teeth adjacent to the canine were also significantly affected by RME, and these changes may be associated with improvement of the ectopic canine position. CONCLUSIONS: The changes produced by RME reduced the percentage of ectopic eruption paths and maintained the nonectopic eruption percentage.

Expanding torque possibilities: A skeletally anchored torqued cantilever for uprighting "kissing molars".

Several uprighting mechanics and devices have been used for repositioning tipped molars. "Kissing molars" (KMs) are an uncommon tooth impaction involving 2 severely tipped mandibular molars with their occlusal surfaces positioned crown to crown, with the roots pointing in opposite directions. Orthodontic uprighting of KMs has not been a usual treatment protocol, and it can be a challenging task due to the severe tipping and double impaction, requiring efficient and well-controlled uprighting mechanics. An innovative skeletally anchored cantilever, which uses the torque principle for uprighting tipped molars, is suggested. This torqued cantilever is easy to manufacture, install, and activate; it is a well-known torque that is effective for producing root movement. A successful treatment of symptomatic KMs, involving the first and second molars, was achieved with this cantilever. Thus, clinicians should consider the suggested uprighting mechanics and orthodontic device as a more conservative alternative to extraction of KMs, depending on the patient's age, involved teeth in KMs, tipping severity, and impaction positions.

Resistência à flexão de cimentos de ionômero de vidro utilizados em tratamento restaurador atraumático com alteração na proporção pó/líquido / Flexural strength of glass ionomer cements used in atraumatic restorative treatment with change in powder / liquid ratio

Objetivo: Avaliar se a alteração na proporção pó/líquido de cimento de ionômero de vidro nacional indicado para ART (Vitro Molar), proporciona melhorias na resistência à flexão comparando-o ao cimento importado, Fuji IX, considerado atualmente o padrão ouro no mercado. Material e método: Foram confeccionados 30 corpos de prova, divididos igualmente entre três grupos (G1 = Vitro Molar, manipulado conforme orientação do fabricante com proporção pó/líquido (1/1); G2 = Vitro Molar com proporção pó/líquido aumentada em 50 % (1,5/1) e G3 = Fuji IX, manipulado conforme orientação do fabricante. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de resistência à flexão de três pontos (ISO 9917-2). Uma força foi aplicada no centro até a ruptura dos corpos-de-prova. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 95%. Resultado: Os resultados médios obtidos para força máxima, em MPa, foram: G1: 3,57; G2: 4,54 e G3: 6,32. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos G1 e G3. O grupo G2 apresentou semelhança estatística quando comparado aos demais grupos. Conclusão: O Vitro Molar com proporção pó/líquido alterada não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparado aos demais grupos. O cimento Fuji IX apresentou valor estatisticamente maior de resistência à flexão que o cimento Vitro Molar manipulado na proporção recomendada pelo fabricante.

Objective: To evaluate whether the change in the proportion powder / liquid of national glass ionomer cement formulated for ART (Vitro Molar) provides improvement in flexural strength, approaching the characteristics of the imported cement (Fuji IX). Materials and Methods: 30 specimens were made, divided between three groups (G1 = Vitro Molar with powder / liquid ratio according to manufacturer's directions (1/1), G2 = with Vitro Molar ratio powder / liquid raised to 50%(1,5/1) and G3 = Fuji IX as manufacturer's guidelines), being subjected to mechanical testing flexural strength of three points (ISO 9917-2). A load was applied at the center until the specimens break. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test with 95% significance level. Result: The average results obtained for maximum strength were: G1: 3.57; G2: G3 and 4.54: 6.32. There was statistical difference between G1 and G3. The G2 group had statistically similar results when compared to other groups. Conclusion: Vitro Molar with raised powder / liquid ratio did not present a statistically significant difference when compared to the other groups. The Fuji IX cement presented a statistically higher value of flexural strength than the Vitro Molar cement manipulated in the ratio recommended by the manufacturer.